Countermeasure: 10-ft to 100-ft conversion (median width)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.22 78
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.25 75
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.35 65
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.36 64
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.25 75
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 10-ft to 20-ft conversion (median width)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.84 16
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 10-ft to 30-ft conversion (median width)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.76 24
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 10-ft to 40-ft converstion (median width)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.63 37
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 10-ft to 50-ft conversion (median width)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.54 46
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.59 41
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 10-ft to 60-ft conversion (median width)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.46 54
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.43 57
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.57 43
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 10-ft to 70-ft conversion (median width)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.45 55
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.4 60
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.36 64
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.57 43
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.39 61
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 10-ft to 80-ft conversion (median width)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.34 66
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.31 69
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.39 61
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.34 66
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 10-ft to 90-ft conversion (median width)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.34 66
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.29 71
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.26 74
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.41 59
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.4 60
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.29 71
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Absence of access points
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.56 44
  All
  All Urban Lee et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Add markings to the major approach of unsignalized 3-leg intersection to serve as a median
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.7 30
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Add Two-Way-Left-Turn-Lane (TWLTL) to the major approach of an unsignalized 3-leg intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.69 31
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Add Two-Way-Left-Turn-Lane (TWLTL) to the major approach of an unsignalized 4-leg intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.66 34
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Add wildlife crossing structure with fencing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.549 45.1
  All
  All Not specified Ahmed and Ahmed, 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.664 33.6
  Other
  All Not specified Ahmed and Ahmed, 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Other
  All Irfan U. Ahmed and Mohamed M. Ahmed, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  Other
  All Irfan U. Ahmed and Mohamed M. Ahmed, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Add wildlife warning signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.062 -6.2
  All
  All Not specified Ahmed and Ahmed, 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  Other
  All Not specified Ahmed and Ahmed, 2023 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change driveway class to high turnover/major
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  2.17 -117
  Other
  All Urban Stokes et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.37 -137
  Other
  All Urban Stokes et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change driveway density from X to Y (driveways/mile for segment)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Rural Fitzpatrick et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Rural Fitzpatrick et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change driveway spacing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  Other
  All Urban Stokes et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.22	78		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.25	75		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.3	70		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.35	65		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.36	64		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.25	75		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Partial access control[read more]

	0.87	13		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Partial access control[read more]

	0.58	42		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Partial access control[read more]

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.84	16		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.86	14		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.89	11		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.89	11		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.87	13		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.91	9		Multiple vehicle	All	Not specified	Stamatiadis et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

	0.86	14		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Partial access control[read more]

	0.98	2		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Partial access control[read more]

	0.94	6		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Partial access control[read more]

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.76	24		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.74	26		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.71	29		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.8	20		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.79	21		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.73	27		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Partial access control[read more]

	0.94	6		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Partial access control[read more]

	0.83	17		Multiple vehicle	All	Not specified	Stamatiadis et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

	0.89	11		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Partial access control[read more]

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.63	37		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.6	40		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.71	29		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.71	29		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.67	33		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.63	37		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Partial access control[read more]

	0.95	5		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Partial access control[read more]

	0.75	25		Multiple vehicle	All	Not specified	Stamatiadis et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

	0.84	16		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Partial access control[read more]

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.54	46		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.51	49		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.64	36		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.63	37		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.59	41		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.94	6		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Partial access control[read more]

	0.54	46		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Partial access control[read more]

	0.68	32		Multiple vehicle	All	Not specified	Stamatiadis et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

	0.79	21		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Partial access control[read more]

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.46	54		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.43	57		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.57	43		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.56	44		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.51	49		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

	0.46	54		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change driveway type

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.403	-40.3		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	O (property damage only)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	4.365	-336.5		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0.213	78.7		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

0.447 55.3
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]

	4.696	-369.6		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

0.222 77.8
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.678 32.2
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.07 93
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
2.237 -123.7
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.496 50.4
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
4.51 -351
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
4.51 -351
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
2.016 -101.6
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
14.295 -1329.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]

	0.474	52.6		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0.221	77.9		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	2.111	-111.1		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0.467	53.3		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

6.39 -539
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
3.17 -217
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.343 65.7
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.109 89.1
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
2.919 -191.9
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.317 68.3
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
9.193 -819.3
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
3.15 -215
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.315 68.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.135 86.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.474 -47.4
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.199 80.1
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
7.418 -641.8
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
5.031 -403.1
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.478 52.2
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.093 90.7
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
2.093 -109.3
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.196 80.4
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
10.702 -970.2
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.456 54.4
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.869 -86.9
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.338 66.2
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
5.526 -452.6
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
2.956 -195.6
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.455 54.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.223 77.7
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.535 46.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.051 94.9
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
2.197 -119.7
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.489 51.1
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.112 88.8
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
4.493 -349.3
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
2.045 -104.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
19.545 -1854.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.129 87.1
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
2.194 -119.4
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.282 71.8
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
7.78 -678
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
8.894 -789.4
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
3.546 -254.6
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
6.248 -524.8
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
4.35 -335
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.562 43.8
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.16 84
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.78 -78
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
6.248 -524.8
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]

	0.229	77.1		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

4.35 -335
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
3.51 -251
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.181 81.9
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]

	0.691	30.9		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0.158	84.2		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	1.447	-44.7		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	6.315	-531.5		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0.227	77.3		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0.939	6.1		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	1.065	-6.5		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0.671	32.9		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0.478	52.2		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	1.491	-49.1		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0.713	28.7		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	2.092	-109.2		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	1.403	-40.3		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	4.521	-352.1		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	2.142	-114.2		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	4.411	-341.1		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change driveway type to full access
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  2.25 -125
  Other
  All Urban Stokes et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change driveway width
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  Other
  All Urban Stokes et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change in driveway density from X to Y driveways per mile

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle	All	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
Angle
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Rear end
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Fixed object,Run off road,Single vehicle
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
O (property damage only) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
O (property damage only) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Rear end
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Sideswipe
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Fitzpatrick et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change in median opening density from X to Y median openings

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle	All	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
Angle
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
O (property damage only) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Head on
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change in signal spacing from X 1000's feet to Y 1000's feet

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle	All	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
Rear end
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Fixed object,Run off road,Single vehicle
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
O (property damage only) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Sideswipe
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Rear end
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change in unsignalized cross roads from X to Y unsignalized cross roads per mile
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Rear end
  All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Head on
  All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Fixed object,Run off road,Single vehicle
  All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change number of 3-leg intersections from X to Y

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Angle,Cross median,Head on,Left turn,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Sideswipe	All	Urban	Dumbaugh and Li, 2011	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
Vehicle/bicycle
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Fixed object
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Parking related
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Partial access control[read more]

	F(x)	F(x)		Angle,Cross median,Fixed object,Head on,Left turn,Non-intersection,Parking related,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Truck related	All	Urban	Dumbaugh and Li, 2011	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change number of 4-or-more-leg intersections from X to Y

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Angle,Cross median,Fixed object,Head on,Left turn,Non-intersection,Parking related,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Truck related	All	Urban	Dumbaugh and Li, 2011	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
Angle,Cross median,Head on,Left turn,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Sideswipe
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Vehicle/bicycle
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Parking related
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Fixed object
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change number of driveway entry lanes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  Other
  All Urban Stokes et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change number of driveways near signalized intersection from X to Y (bike crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Oh et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Closure or complete relocation of all driveways from functional area of intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.41 -41
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Lall et al., 1995 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  All Urban Lall et al., 1995 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.67 -67
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Lall et al., 1995 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.17 -17
  All
  All Rural Lall et al., 1995 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert a 3-leg unsignalized intersection at a driveway to a regular 3-leg unsignalized intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.41 -41
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert an open median on the major approach to unsignalized 3-leg intersection to a closed median
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.02 -2
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert an open median to a directional median
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.43 57
  Left turn
  All Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  All Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.13 -13
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  A (serious injury) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert an open median to a left-in only median
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.41 -41
  All
  A (serious injury) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.31 -31
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.13 -13
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  All Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Left turn
  All Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert an open median to a mixed median on the major approach to a 3-leg unsignalized intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.95 5
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert an open median to a TWLTL
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.45 -45
  All
  All Not specified Haleem et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert an open median to an undivided median on the major approach to an unsignalized 3-leg intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.85 15
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert frontage road from two-way operation to one-way operation
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.32 68
  All
  B (minor injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  All
  C (possible injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.32 68
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.2 80
  Head on
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.15 85
  Head on,Left turn
  All Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.23 77
  Angle,Head on,Left turn
  All Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.43 57
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.2 80
  All
  B (minor injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.06 94
  Angle,Head on,Left turn
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.17 83
  Angle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.27 73
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.04 96
  Head on
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert the open median on the major approach of an unsignalized 3-leg intersection to a directional median
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.86 14
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Create directional median openings to allow left-turns and u-turns
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.49 51
  All
  All Rodegerdts et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Decrease freeway ramp spacing from infinity to S (ft) with/without auxiliary lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Le, T. Q., and Porter, R. J., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Not specified
  All Not specified Le, T. Q., and Porter, R. J., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Not specified
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Le, T. Q., and Porter, R. J., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Decrease median width from 64ft to 22ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  3.629 -262.9
  All
  All Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.227 -222.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 5.732 -473.2
  Rear end
  All Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 4.184 -318.4
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Decrease median width from 64ft to 40ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.071 -7.1
  All
  All Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.073 -7.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.43 -43
  Rear end
  All Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.151 -15.1
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement home zone design in residential neighborhoods
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.71 29
  All
  All Biddulph, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase density of access points
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  3.92 -292
  Other
  All Not specified Hamzeie et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.172 -17.2
  Other
  All Not specified Hamzeie et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.473 -247.3
  Other
  All Not specified Hamzeie et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.368 -36.8
  Other
  All Not specified Hamzeie et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from 0 to 1 ramps per mile

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.033	-3.3		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

1.05 -5
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
1.047 -4.7
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from 0 to 1 ramps per mile on curves

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.04	-4		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from 0 to 1 ramps per mile on tangents

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.023	-2.3		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from 0 to 10 ramps per mile

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.636	-63.6		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

1.379 -37.9
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
1.578 -57.8
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from 0 to 10 ramps per mile on curves

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.48	-48.1		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from 0 to 10 ramps per mile on tangents

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.25	-25.1		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from 0 to 5 ramps per mile

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.279	-27.9		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

1.174 -17.4
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
1.256 -25.6
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from 0 to 5 ramps per mile on curves

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.217	-21.7		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from 0 to 5 ramps per mile on tangents

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.12	-11.9		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from X to Y ramps per mile

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from X to Y ramps per mile on curves

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from X to Y ramps per mile on tangents

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase intersection median width by 3 ft increments
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.06 -6
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban and Suburban Harwood et. al, 1995 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and Suburban Harwood et. al, 1995 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban and Suburban Harwood et. al, 1995 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban and Suburban Harwood et. al, 1995 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and Suburban Harwood et. al, 1995 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Harwood et. al, 1995 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et. al, 1995 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase median width
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase separation distance between driveway exit and downstream U-turn by 10% (m)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.967 3.3
  All
  All Liu et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase separation distance between driveway exit and downstream U-turn by 10% (m) (crashes related to indirect left turns)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.955 4.5
  All
  All Liu et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install left-in left-out (LILO) treatment
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.668 33.2
  Angle,Left turn
  All Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.899 10.1
  All
  All Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.852 14.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.846 15.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.49 -49
  Sideswipe
  All Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.427 -42.7
  Sideswipe
  All Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.158 -15.8
  Angle,Left turn
  All Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.735 26.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.935
  All
  All Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.586 41.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.599 40.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install median on the minor approach of an unsignalized 3-leg intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.82 18
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install raised median
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.29 70.77
  All
  All Urban Schultz et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55.43
  Angle
  All Urban Schultz et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.32 68
  Head on
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.29 71
  Head on
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Schultz et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.61 39
  All
  All Schultz et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  All Urban Yanmaz-Tuzel and Ozbay, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install right-in-right-out (RIRO) operations at stop-controlled intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.55 45
  All
  All Urban Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.32 68
  Other
  All Urban Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.2 80
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  All
  All Urban Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Other
  All Urban Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.64 -64
  All
  All Urban Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.55 -155
  Other
  All Urban Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.56 -56
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install wide median (>2 m) on major road of a 4-leg signalized intersection (motorcycle crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.2 -20
  All
  All Urban Haque et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Landscape Medians at Intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.68 -68
  All
  All Not specified Lin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.26 -226
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Lin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Lin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Modify access point density
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of driveway on an intersection approach corner
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.63 37
  Rear end
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Rear end
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  All
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Sideswipe
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  Sideswipe
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  Left turn,Right turn
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Angle
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  Angle
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  Left turn,Right turn
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of driveway on an intersection receiving corner
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.42 -42
  Angle
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.02 -102
  Angle
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.67 -67
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.29 -29
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.33 -33
  All
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.86 -86
  Rear end
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.36 -36
  Rear end
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.68 -68
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.29 -29
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.76 -76
  All
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.31 -31
  Sideswipe
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.22 -22
  Left turn,Right turn
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.49 -49
  Left turn,Right turn
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.71 -71
  All
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of grade-separated interchange
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.01 -1
  All
  All Not specified Thais Rangel, José Manuel Vasallo, and Blanca Arenas, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Thais Rangel, José Manuel Vasallo, and Blanca Arenas, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.77 -77
  All
  K (fatal) All Thais Rangel, José Manuel Vasallo, and Blanca Arenas, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of median
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.97 3.1
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Miranda-Moreno et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of parking entrances
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.01 -0.5
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Miranda-Moreno et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Provide a raised median

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.94	-94		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Partial access control[read more]

2.28 -128
All
O (property damage only) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
0.61 39
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
0.78 22
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
1.09 -9
All
O (property damage only) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
0.88 12
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
0.82 18
All
O (property damage only) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
0.49 51
Other
All Urban Stokes et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
0.444 55.6
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.412 58.8
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.625 37.5
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.881 11.9
Rear end
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.647 35.3
Angle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.348 65.2
Left turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.663 33.7
Right turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.818 18.2
Sideswipe
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.709 29.1
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.695 30.5
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.684 31.6
Day time
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.735 26.5
All
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.783 21.7
All
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.695 30.5
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.418 58.2
Other
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
1.173 -17.3
Rear end
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.661 33.9
Right turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.732 26.8
Angle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.664 33.6
Left turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.377 62.3
Other
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.83 17
Sideswipe
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.597 40.3
Sideswipe
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.661 33.9
Vehicle/pedestrian
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.827 17.3
Other
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.734 26.6
Vehicle/pedestrian
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.711 28.9
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.477 52.3
Head on
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.742 25.8
Rear end
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.558 44.2
Angle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.262 73.8
Left turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.529 47.1
Right turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.596 40.4
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.628 37.2
All
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.684 31.6
All
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.58 42
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.582 41.8
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.564 43.6
Day time
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.512 48.8
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.416 58.4
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.859 14.1
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.465 53.5
Other
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.275 72.5
Head on
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.756 24.4
Rear end
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.462 53.8
Angle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.326 67.4
Left turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.682 31.8
All
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.712 28.8
All
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.643 35.7
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.654 34.6
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.639 36.1
Day time
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.66 34
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.659 34.1
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.742 25.8
All
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.571 42.9
Right turn
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.329 67.1
Left turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.294 70.6
Left turn
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.243 75.7
Left turn
K (fatal) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.641 35.9
Angle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.295 70.5
Left turn
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.397 60.3
Left turn
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.595 40.5
Angle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.64 36
Angle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.544 45.6
Angle
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.83 17
Rear end
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.776 22.4
Rear end
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.777 22.3
Rear end
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.896 10.4
Rear end
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.512 48.8
Head on
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.265 73.5
Head on
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
Head on
K (fatal) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.292 70.8
Head on
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.697 30.3
All
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.925 7.5
Right turn
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.973 2.7
Angle
K (fatal) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.852 14.8
Head on
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.778 22.2
All
K (fatal) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.925 7.5
Right turn
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.859 14.1
Sideswipe
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.743 25.7
Sideswipe
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.743 25.7
Sideswipe
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.487 51.3
Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.904 9.6
Sideswipe
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.811 18.9
Vehicle/bicycle
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
1.006 -0.6
Vehicle/bicycle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.528 47.2
All
K (fatal) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
1.018 -1.8
Vehicle/bicycle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.487 51.3
Vehicle/bicycle
K (fatal) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.973 2.7
Vehicle/bicycle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.791 20.9
All
K (fatal) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.955 4.5
Vehicle/bicycle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
1.704 -70.4
Vehicle/pedestrian
K (fatal) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.974 2.6
Right turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
1.37 -37
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.705 29.5
Vehicle/bicycle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.931 6.9
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
1.028 -2.8
Other
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.953 4.7
All
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.941 5.9
All
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.974 2.6
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.965 3.5
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.943 5.7
Right turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
1.186 -18.6
Sideswipe
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
1.237 -23.7
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
1.031 -3.1
Vehicle/bicycle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.825 17.5
Other
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.973 2.7
Day time
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.998 0.2
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.503 49.7
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.98 2
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.44 56
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
1.65 -65
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.55 45
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.963 3.7
Other
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.716 28.4
All
K (fatal) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.978 2.2
Vehicle/bicycle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.928 7.2
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
1.181 -18.1
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.588 41.2
Head on
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.867 13.3
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Provide on-ramp
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.345 -34.53
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.304 -30.4
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.115 -11.48
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.318 -31.82
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.564 -56.35
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.898 -189.84
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.322 -32.23
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.569 -56.9
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.469 -46.9
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.223 -22.3
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.39 -139
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.581 -58.1
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.557 -55.7
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.923 -92.3
  Fixed object
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Reduce driveways from 10-24 to less than 10 per mile

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.75	25		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Reduce driveways from 26-48 to 10-24 per mile

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.69	31		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Reduce driveways from 48 to 26-48 per mile

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.71	29		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Replace direct left-turn with right-turn/U-turn
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.8 20
  All
  All Not Specified Xu, 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  O (property damage only) Not Specified Xu, 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not Specified Xu, 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Rear end
  All Not Specified Xu, 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Angle
  All Not Specified Xu, 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  All Not Specified Xu, 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not Specified Xu, 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Angle
  All Not Specified Xu, 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.21 -21
  Sideswipe
  All Not specified Xu, 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.49 51
  All
  All Not Specified Xu, 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Xu, 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.38 62
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Xu, 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  O (property damage only) Not Specified Xu, 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Rear end
  All Not Specified Xu, 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.33 -33
  Sideswipe
  All Not specified Xu, 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  All Not specified Xu, 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Xu, 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Xu, 2001 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Replace TWLTL with raised median

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.67	33		Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle	O (property damage only)	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

0.77 23
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
0.65 36
Angle
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
0.81 19
Rear end
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
0.79 21
Sideswipe
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
0.53 47
Head on
All Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
0.79 21
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Restrict left or right turn (transit-related crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.72 27.5
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Restrict left or right turn (transit-serviced locations)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.87 13.4
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 3.5
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Shorten left turn lane by X percent at unsignalized median opening
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Fixed object,Rear end,Sideswipe
  All Urban Chen et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Signalize driveway
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  3.98 -298
  Other
  All Urban Stokes et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]

Category: Advanced technology and ITS (577)

Subcategory: None (577)

Countermeasure: Changeable Curve Speed Warning signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  2 0
  Single vehicle,Speed related
  All Tribbet, L., McGowen, P., and Mounce, J., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.13 -13
  All
  All Rural Tribbet, L., McGowen, P., and Mounce, J., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.47 -47
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Tribbet, L., McGowen, P., and Mounce, J., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Tribbet, L., McGowen, P., and Mounce, J., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.31 -31
  Speed related
  All Rural Tribbet, L., McGowen, P., and Mounce, J., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.29 71
  Truck related
  All Rural Tribbet, L., McGowen, P., and Mounce, J., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert existing barrier tollbooths to open road tolling (ORT) facility
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.53 47
  All
  All Not specified Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.34 66
  Rear end
  All Not specified Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  Other
  All Not specified Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Not specified
  Not specified Not specified Yang, Ozbay, and Bartin, 2012 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Coordinated Ramp Metering

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.92	8		All	O (property damage only)	Not specified	Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, and Stuart Madison Harvey, 2022	Partial access control[read more]

1.07 -7
All
All Not specified Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, and Stuart Madison Harvey, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
0.95 5
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, and Stuart Madison Harvey, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
1.12 -12
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, and Stuart Madison Harvey, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
0.87 13
All
All Not specified Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, and Stuart Madison Harvey, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
0.76 24
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, and Stuart Madison Harvey, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
1.11 -11
All
All Not specified Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, and Stuart Madison Harvey, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
0.99 1
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, and Stuart Madison Harvey, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
1.16 -16
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, and Stuart Madison Harvey, 2022 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Deactivate red-light camera
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.23 -23
  Other
  All Urban Ko et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.2 -20
  Other
  All Urban Ko et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.28 -28
  Other
  All Urban Ko et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Ko et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Ko et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.14 -14
  Other
  All Urban Ko et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.13 -13
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Ko et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Ko et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.27 -27
  Other
  All Urban Ko et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.48 -48
  Other
  All Urban Ko et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.2 -20
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Ko et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.26 -26
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Ko et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.179 -17.9
  Other
  K (fatal) Urban Hu and Cicchino, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.301 -30.1
  Other
  K (fatal) Urban Hu and Cicchino, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.161 -16.1
  All
  K (fatal) Urban Hu and Cicchino, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.084 -8.4
  All
  K (fatal) Urban Hu and Cicchino, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement Active Traffic Management Strategies
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.152 -15.2
  All
  All Suburban Dutta et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.159 -15.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Dutta et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.127 -12.7
  Multiple vehicle
  All Suburban Dutta et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.177 -17.7
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Dutta et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.141 -14.1
  Rear end
  All Suburban Dutta et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.109 -10.9
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Dutta et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement Active Traffic Management Strategies with Hard Shoulder Running
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.753 24.7
  All
  All Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.854 14.6
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.938 6.2
  All
  All Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.897 10.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.902 9.8
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.691 30.9
  Rear end
  All Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.891 10.9
  Rear end
  All Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.829 17.1
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.681 31.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.711 28.9
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.586 41.4
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.607 39.3
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement automated red light running enforcement cameras (RLR-related crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.6 40
  All
  All Hallmark et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Rear end
  All Hallmark et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Implement automated speed enforcement cameras

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.12	88		Angle,Cross median,Day time,Dry weather,Fixed object,Head on,Left turn,Nighttime,Non-intersection,Parking related,Rear to rear,Right turn,Run off road,Speed related,Truck related,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian,Wet road	All	Urban	Shin et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

0.37 63
Single vehicle
All Urban Shin et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.52 48
Sideswipe
All Urban and suburban Shin et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

	0.14	86		Angle,Cross median,Day time,Dry weather,Fixed object,Head on,Left turn,Nighttime,Non-intersection,Parking related,Rear to rear,Right turn,Run off road,Speed related,Truck related,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian,Wet road	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Shin et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

0.46 54
All
All Urban Shin et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.36 64
Sideswipe
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Shin et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.52 48
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Shin et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.33 67
Single vehicle
O (property damage only) Urban Shin et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.57 43
Sideswipe
O (property damage only) Urban Shin et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

	0.1	90		Angle,Cross median,Day time,Dry weather,Fixed object,Head on,Left turn,Nighttime,Non-intersection,Parking related,Rear to rear,Right turn,Run off road,Speed related,Truck related,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian,Wet road	O (property damage only)	Urban	Shin et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

0.44 56
All
O (property damage only) Urban Shin et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.982 1.84
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.901 9.94
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.868 13.23
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.786 21.44
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.957 4.27
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.935 6.54
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.905 9.49
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.878 12.18
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.802 19.77
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.654 34.63
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.879 12.13
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.863 13.65
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.856 14.37
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.854 14.62
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.85 14.97
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.936 6.38
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.882 11.8
All
All Urban Tilahun, 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.851 14.9
All
K (fatal), A (serious injury) Urban Tilahun, 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.914 8.6
All
B (minor injury) Urban Tilahun, 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.855 14.5
All
C (possible injury) Urban Tilahun, 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.725 27.5
All
B (minor injury) Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
0.736 26.4
All
B (minor injury) Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
0.815 18.5
All
B (minor injury) Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
0.942 5.8
All
All Choi et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
0.74 26
Rear end
All Urban Shin et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.57 43
Single vehicle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Shin et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.77 23
Rear end
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Shin et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.69 31
Rear end
O (property damage only) Urban Shin et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.84 16.2
All
All Moon and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
0.82 18.2
All
O (property damage only) Moon and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
0.85 15.1
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Moon and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
0.83 17
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Implement mobile automated speed enforcement system
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.857 14.3
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.855 14.5
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.821 17.9
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.815 18.5
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.854 14.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.859 14.1
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.799 20.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.739 26.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.733 26.7
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.679 32.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.713 28.7
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.723 27.7
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.727 27.3
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.821 17.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.915 8.5
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.914 8.6
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.866 13.4
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.982 1.8
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.955 4.5
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.908 9.2
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.975 2.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.846 15.4
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.889 11.1
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.798 20.2
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.712 28.8
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.753 24.7
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.695 30.5
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.773 22.7
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.806 19.4
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.864 13.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.834 16.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.971 2.9
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.929 7.1
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.806 19.4
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.939 6.1
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.833 16.7
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.865 13.5
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.785 21.5
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.873 12.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.738 26.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.808 19.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.833 16.7
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.726 27.4
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.945 5.5
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.837 16.3
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.735 26.5
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.936 6.4
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.849 15.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.729 27.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.924 7.6
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.774 22.6
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.699 30.1
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.905 9.5
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.859 14.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.776 22.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.035 -3.5
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.795 20.5
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.809 19.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.018 -1.8
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.771 22.9
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.826 17.4
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.917 8.3
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.826 17.4
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.955 4.5
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.769 23.1
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.938 6.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.771 22.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.727 27.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.817 18.3
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.893 10.7
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.794 20.6
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.786 21.4
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.884 11.6
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.893 10.7
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.766 23.4
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.856 14.4
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.932 6.8
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.815 18.5
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.819 18.1
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.915 8.5
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.811 18.9
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.847 15.3
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.763 23.7
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.883 11.7
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.844 15.6
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.759 24.1
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.828 17.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.888 11.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.709 29.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.851 14.9
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.904 9.6
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.832 16.8
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.862 13.8
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  All
  All Cunningham et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement mobile speed cameras
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.09 -9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Brenac, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.2 -20
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Brenac, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  All Urban Pérez et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Individual changeable speed warning signs

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.59	41		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install an Adaptive Signal Control Systems (ASCS)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.527 47.3
  Other
  All Salek et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install automated section speed enforcement system
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.563 43.7
  Single vehicle
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.624 37.6
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.715 28.5
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.666 33.4
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.706 29.4
  Other
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.704 29.6
  Other
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.632 36.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.784 21.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.791 20.9
  Rear end
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.512 48.8
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.831 16.9
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.491 50.9
  Wet road
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.427 57.3
  Other
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.776 22.4
  Other
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.913 8.7
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.792 20.8
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.714 28.6
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.473 52.7
  Single vehicle
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.991 0.9
  Rear end
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.743 25.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.818 18.2
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.489 51.1
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.838 16.2
  Dry weather
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.445 55.5
  Wet road
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.847 15.3
  Day time
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.617 38.3
  Nighttime
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Run off road
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  All
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Dry weather
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Rear end
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.52 48
  Sideswipe
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  Not specified
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Day time
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Wet road
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  B (minor injury),O (property damage only) Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.44 56
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.097 -9.7
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.951 4.9
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Lahrmann et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Lahrmann et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All Lahrmann et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install automated section speed enforcement system on curves
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.57 43
  All
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install automated section speed enforcement system on tangents
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.72 28
  All
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install automated speed camera at signalized intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.69 31
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Izadpanah et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Izadpanah et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Izadpanah et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  All
  All Urban and suburban Izadpanah et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.09 -9
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Izadpanah et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Speed related
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Vanlaar, Robertson, and Marcoux, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Not specified Vanlaar, Robertson, and Marcoux, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install Box Span Signal
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.975 2.5
  Other
  All Yassin et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.897 10.3
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Yassin et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.876 12.4
  Angle
  All Yassin et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.097 -9.7
  Other
  All Yassin et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.888 11.2
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Yassin et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.841 15.9
  Angle
  All Yassin et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install changeable "Queue Ahead" warning signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.84 16
  Rear end
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.16 -16
  Rear end
  O (property damage only) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install changeable crash ahead warning signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.56 44
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install changeable speed warning signs for individual drivers
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.54 46
  All
  All Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install dynamic advance intersection warning system
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.27 73
  Not specified
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.19 -219
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.33 67
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  All
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.38 62
  All
  K (fatal) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.29 71
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.1 90
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.33 67
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.32 68
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.15 85
  Not specified
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  All
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  All
  K (fatal) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install dynamic speed feedback sign
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.95 5
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Hallmark et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  All Rural Hallmark et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  All Rural Hallmark et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Hallmark et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  Other
  All Rural Wang et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install Fixed Automated Spray Technology (FAST)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.3 70
  All
  All Urban Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.44 56
  All
  All Urban Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.42 58
  All
  All Urban Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.48 -148
  All
  All Rural Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.33 -33
  All
  All Rural Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  All
  All Rural Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  All
  All Urban Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  All
  All Urban Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  All
  All Urban Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  All
  All Urban Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.43 57
  All
  All Rural Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  All
  All Rural Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.17 -17
  All
  All Rural Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.34 -134
  All
  All Rural Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.65 -165
  All
  All Rural Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.49 -149
  All
  All All Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  All
  All All Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  All
  All All Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.57 -57
  All
  All Rural Veneziano et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install icy curve warning system
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.82 18
  All
  All Rural Zhirui et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install Intersection Safety Devices
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.883 11.74
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.864 13.63
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.569 43.06
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  All
  All Not specified Goldenbeld et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.33 -33.01
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.666 33.44
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Goldenbeld et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.645 35.55
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.745 25.47
  All
  All Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.202 79.84
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.936 6.35
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.893 10.74
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  Angle
  All Not specified Goldenbeld et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.884 11.55
  All
  All Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Angle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Goldenbeld et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.043 -4.3
  All
  All Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.964 3.64
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Rear end
  All Not specified Goldenbeld et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 3.99
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.031 -3.06
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.012 -1.17
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.997 0.29
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.042 -4.18
  All
  All Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.979 2.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.081 -8.11
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Contini and El-Basyouny, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install ramp meter
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.86 14
  All
  All Haule et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.59 41
  All
  All Urban Alluri et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  All
  All Urban Liu and Wang, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install red-light camera on major road of a 4-leg intersection (motorcycle crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.63 37
  All
  All Urban Haque et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install red-light camera on major road of a T intersection (motorcycle crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.45 55
  All
  All Urban Haque et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install red-light camera on minor road of a 4-leg intersection (motorcycle crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.75 25
  All
  All Urban Haque et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install red-light cameras
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.75 25
  Angle
  All Urban Persaud et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  Rear end
  All Urban Persaud et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.24 -24
  Rear end
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Persaud et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Angle,Left turn
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Persaud et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Angle
  All Ko et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  All Ko et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.623 37.7
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Izadpanah et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.077 -7.7
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Izadpanah et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.916 8.4
  All
  All Urban and suburban Izadpanah et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.676 32.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Izadpanah et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.014 -1.4
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Izadpanah et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.37 -37
  Rear end
  All Ko et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.695 30.5
  All
  All Wang et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.652 34.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Wang et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.518 48.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Wang et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.789 21.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Wang et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.872 12.8
  All
  All Wang et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.089 -8.9
  All
  All Wang et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 34
  Angle
  All Urban Shin and Washington, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.45 -45
  Rear end
  All Urban Shin and Washington, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  All
  All Erke, A., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.13 -13
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Erke, A., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.43 -43
  Rear end
  All Erke, A., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.1 90
  Angle
  All Not specified Erke, A., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  K (fatal) Urban Hu et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  All
  K (fatal) Urban Hu et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  Angle
  All Not specified Vanlaar, Robertson, and Marcoux, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  All
  K (fatal) Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  All
  All Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  All
  O (property damage only) Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Angle
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Angle
  All Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.19 -19
  Rear end
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.39 -39
  Rear end
  All Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  Other
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Other
  All Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Head on,Left turn
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Head on,Left turn
  All Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Angle,Left turn
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Angle,Left turn
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.08 -8
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.17 -17
  Rear end
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Angle,Left turn
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.23 -23
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Angle,Left turn
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Rear end
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Angle,Left turn
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.32 -32
  Rear end
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.41 -41
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Angle,Left turn
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.787 21.3
  Other
  K (fatal) Urban Hu and Cicchino, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.858 14.2
  All
  K (fatal) Urban Hu and Cicchino, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  Rear end
  All Not specified Vanlaar, Robertson, and Marcoux, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Not specified
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.57 43
  Angle
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Angle
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  Angle
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  All
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  Angle
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  All
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  All
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  All
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  All
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Other
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Angle
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.61 39
  Angle
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  All Hallmark et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Angle
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.69 -169
  Rear end
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.19 -19
  Rear end
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Rear end
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.93 -93
  Rear end
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.06 -106
  Rear end
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Other
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Other
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.63 -63
  Other
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Other
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.06 -106
  Rear end
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Rear end
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.25 -25
  Other
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Other
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Other
  All All Walden and Bochner, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Other
  All Urban Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.18 -18
  Rear end
  All Urban Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install red-light cameras at intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.32 -32
  Rear end
  All Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Angle,Left turn
  All Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Angle,Left turn
  All Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Angle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Goldenbeld et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.32 -32
  Rear end
  All Not specified Goldenbeld et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.17 -17
  Rear end
  All Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 47
  Other
  All Urban Ko et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  Other
  All Urban Ko et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.18 -18
  Other
  All Urban Ko et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Angle,Left turn
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.41 -41
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.23 -23
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Angle,Left turn
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.14 -14
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Not specified Goldenbeld et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Angle
  All Not specified Goldenbeld et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  All Not specified Goldenbeld et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.979 -2.1
  All
  K (fatal) Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.775 22.5
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.225 -22.5
  Angle
  K (fatal) Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.22 -22
  Rear end,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.214 -21.4
  Head on
  K (fatal) Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.525 -52.5
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.367 -36.7
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.331 -33.1
  Angle
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.734 -73.4
  Rear end,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.156 -15.6
  Head on
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.508 -50.8
  All
  All Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.341 -34.1
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe
  All Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.311 -31.1
  Angle
  All Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.687 -68.7
  Rear end,Sideswipe
  All Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.136 -13.6
  Head on
  All Urban Lee et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install red-light cameras with warning signs at all RLC intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.87 13
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.12 -12
  All
  All Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.57 43
  Angle
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Angle
  All Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  Rear end
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.46 -46
  Rear end
  All Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install red-light cameras with warning signs not at all RLC intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.98 2
  All
  All Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Angle
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  Angle
  All Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.24 -24
  Rear end
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  Rear end
  All Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Hoye, 2013 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install Red-light indicator lights

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.856	14.4		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Partial access control[read more]

0.905 9.5
Angle
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.6 40
Left turn
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.716 28.4
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.713 28.7
Other
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.892 10.8
Nighttime
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.916 8.4
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.813 18.7
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.939 6.1
All
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.736 26.4
All
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.873 12.7
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.934 6.59999999999999
All
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.749 25.1
Angle
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.888 11.2
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.856 14.4
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.676 32.4
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.895 10.5
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.868 13.2
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.856 14.4
Angle
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.608 39.2
Other
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.905 9.5
Angle
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.756 24.4
Angle
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.614 38.6
Other
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.797 20.3
Other
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.748 25.2
Other
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.784 21.6
Other
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.713 28.7
Other
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.368 63.2
Other
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.75 25
Other
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.749 25.1
All
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.858 14.2
All
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.939 6.1
All
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
1.016 -1.6
Rear end
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
1.024 -2.4
All
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.963 3.7
All
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.995 0.5
All
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.917 8.3
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.944 5.6
Angle
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
1.036 -3.6
Angle
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.989 1.1
Angle
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.978 2.2
Angle
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.882 11.8
Angle
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.913 8.7
Angle
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.911 8.9
Other
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.969 3.1
All
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.899 10.1
Other
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
1.018 -1.8
All
All Not specified Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install Variable Speed Limit (VSL)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.684	31.6		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	El Esawey et al., 2021	Partial access control[read more]

0.693 30.7
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural El Esawey et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.89 11
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.708 29.2
All
All Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.59 41
Fixed object
All Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.35 65
Rear end
All Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.71 29
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.49 51
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.66 34
All
All Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
1.01 -1
Wet road
All Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.82 18
Rear end
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.648 35.2
Rear end
All Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.911 8.9
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.547 45.3
All
All Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.728 27.2
All
All Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.39 61
Fixed object
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.34 66
Rear end
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
1.04 -4
Other
All Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
1.1 -10
Wet road
All Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
1.43 -43
Fixed object
All Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
1.78 -78
Rear end
All Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.87 13
All
All Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
1.23 -23
All
All Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
1.22 -22
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
1.2 -20
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install Variable Speed Limits
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.71 29
  All
  All Urban Pu et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Pu et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  All
  Urban Pu et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  All
  Urban Pu et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installing red light running (RLR) cameras for four-way signalized intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.23 -23
  Angle,Rear end,Sideswipe
  B (minor injury),O (property damage only) Urban Sperley Ross, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.774 -77.4
  Angle,Rear end,Sideswipe
  B (minor injury),O (property damage only) Urban Sperley Ross, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Media coverage of automated speed enforcement cameras
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.92 8
  All
  All Moon and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 8.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Moon and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Moon and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of speed restriction devices (bike crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.28 71.92
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Oh et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide active close-following warning signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.94 6
  Rear end
  Not specified Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide limited sight distance (LSD) warning signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.07 -7
  All
  All Rural Forbes, G., 2003 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Removal of automated speed enforcement cameras (compared to after implementation)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.96 3.9
  All
  O (property damage only) Moon and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3.4
  All
  All Moon and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Moon and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Removal of automated speed enforcement cameras (compared to before implementation)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.81 18.9
  All
  All Moon and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21.3
  All
  O (property damage only) Moon and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 16.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Moon and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Section Control
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.51 49
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Høye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Høye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.47 53
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Høye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Høye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.3 -30
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Høye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Høye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Høye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Høye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Temporal effects of automated section speed enforcement system - 12 months
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.66 34
  All
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Temporal effects of automated section speed enforcement system - 18 months
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.68 32
  All
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Temporal effects of automated section speed enforcement system - 24 months
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.69 31
  All
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Temporal effects of automated section speed enforcement system - 30 months
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.81 19
  All
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Temporal effects of automated section speed enforcement system - 6 months
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.61 39
  All
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]

Category: Alignment (136)

Subcategory: None (136)

Countermeasure: Change from horizontal tangent to a flat horizontal curve
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.62 -62
  Other
  All Rural Xin et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.82 -82
  Other
  All Rural Wang et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change from horizontal tangent to a moderate horizontal curve
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  2 -100
  Other
  All Rural Xin et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.62 -162
  Other
  All Rural Xin et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.98 -198
  Other
  All Rural Wang et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change from horizontal tangent to a sharp horizontal curve
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  3.21 -221
  Other
  All Rural Xin et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 4.92 -392
  Other
  All Rural Xin et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.27 -227
  Other
  All Rural Wang et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change from horizontal tangent to a slight horizontal curve
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.88 -88
  Other
  All Rural Xin et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change grade from positive or zero to negative

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.3	-30		Run off road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Jurewicz and Pyta, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change horizontal alignment
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Donnell et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.94 -194
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural van Petegem and Wegman, 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.2 -20
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural van Petegem and Wegman, 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural Banihashemi, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.295 -29.5
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.262 -26.2
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.186 -18.6
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.284 -28.38
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.205 -20.48
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.319 -31.93
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Acqua and Russo, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Urban Banihashemi, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.444 -44.4
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.518 -51.83
  Fixed object
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change horizontal alignment from R1 to R2
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Choi et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change horizontal curve radius from straight tangent to radius of R feet
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Rural Wu et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change horizontal curve radius from straight tangent to radius of R feet (at speed limit of V in mph)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Wet road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Run off road,Wet road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Wet road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Run off road,Wet road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change horizontal curve radius from X to Y (feet)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Other
  All Rural Wang et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change horizontal curve radius, posted speed and superelevation
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change in average horizontal curve radius from X to Y (in miles)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change in average vertical curve grade from X to Y (% grade)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change maximum gradient from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Wang et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change negative vertical grade from G1 to G2
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Choi et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change positive vertical grade from G1 to G2
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Choi et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change the horizontal curve radius from greater than 1500m to between 600m and 1500m

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.42	-42		Run off road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Jurewicz and Pyta, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change the horizontal curve radius from greater than 1500m to less than or equal to 600m

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	2.44	-144		Run off road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Jurewicz and Pyta, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change the number of horizontal curves from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Not specified Young-Jun Kweon and Cheol Oh, 2011 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change vertical grade

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Acqua and Russo, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Acqua and Russo, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Flatten crest vertical curve
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.8 20
  All
  All All Hovey and Chowdhury, 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.49 51
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Hovey and Chowdhury, 2005 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Flatten horizontal curve
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.204 79.6
  Wet road
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.259 74.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Srinivasan et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.216 78.4
  Fixed object,Run off road
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.584 41.6
  Other
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural Saleem and Persaud, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Saleem and Persaud, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.315 68.5
  All
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Saleem and Persaud, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Saleem and Persaud, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Saleem and Persaud, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural Saleem and Persaud, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Saleem and Persaud, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Saleem and Persaud, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural Saleem and Persaud, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.33 67
  All
  All Pitale et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve superelevation variance (SV) where 0.01 <= SV < 0.02
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve superelevation variance (SV) where SV > 0.02
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase degree of curve on freeways from 0 to 10 (curvature in degrees)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	2.99	-199		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

3.35 -234.7
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase degree of curve on freeways from 0 to 15 (curvature in degrees)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	5.18	-418		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

6.12 -512
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase degree of curve on freeways from 0 to 5 (curvature in degrees)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.73	-73		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

1.83 -82.9
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase degree of curve on freeways from X to Y (curvature in degrees)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase in horizontal curvature by five degrees
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.29 -28.9
  Truck related
  All Rural Schneider et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase in horizontal curvature by four degrees
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.23 -22.6
  Truck related
  All Rural Schneider et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase in horizontal curvature by one degree
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.05 -5
  Run off road
  All Urban and Suburban Hauer et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  Run off road
  O (property damage only) Urban and Suburban Hauer et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and Suburban Hauer et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  Truck related
  All Rural Schneider et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase in horizontal curvature by three degrees
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.16 -16.5
  Truck related
  All Rural Schneider et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase in horizontal curvature by two degrees
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.11 -10.7
  Truck related
  All Rural Schneider et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase in horizontal curvature from X to Y degrees

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Fitzpatrick et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
All
All Wang et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Truck related
All Rural Schneider et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase in horizontal curvature from X to Y degrees (assuming 100 meter arc length)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Rural Jang et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase in horizontal curvature from X to Y degrees (curves)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Fitzpatrick et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase in horizontal curve radius from X to Y feet (curves)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Fitzpatrick et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase vertical grade by 1%
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.04 -4
  Run off road,Single vehicle
  All Rural Miaou, S. P., 1995 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install directional median openings at downstream U-turn locations
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Not specified Qi et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install Median Opening Treatments at Unsignalized Intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.7 30
  Left turn
  All Not specified Priyanka, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Modify horizontal curve radius and length and provide spiral transitions
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of a horizontal curve, intersection, or driveway in a sight restricted area
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.43 -43
  All
  All Rural Harwood and Bauer, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.62 -62
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Harwood and Bauer, 2015 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Provide below criteria Stopping Sight Distance

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.32	-32		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Harwood and Bauer, 2015	Partial access control[read more]

1.22 -22
All
All Rural Harwood and Bauer, 2015 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Safety effects of horizontal curves and tangents at type 1 crest vertical curves – function for horizontal curves

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Bauer and Harwood, 2014	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
All
O (property damage only) Rural Bauer and Harwood, 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Safety effects of horizontal curves and tangents at type 1 crest vertical curves – tangents at type 1 crests
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1 0
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bauer and Harwood, 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Bauer and Harwood, 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Safety effects of horizontal curves and tangents at type 1 sag vertical curves – function for horizontal curves

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Bauer and Harwood, 2014	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
All
O (property damage only) Rural Bauer and Harwood, 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Safety effects of horizontal curves and tangents at type 1 sag vertical curves – function for tangents at type 1 sags

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Bauer and Harwood, 2014	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
All
O (property damage only) Rural Bauer and Harwood, 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Safety effects of horizontal curves and tangents at type 2 crest vertical curves – function for horizontal curves

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Bauer and Harwood, 2014	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
All
O (property damage only) Rural Bauer and Harwood, 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Safety effects of horizontal curves and tangents at type 2 crest vertical curves – tangents at type 2 crests
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1 0
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bauer and Harwood, 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Bauer and Harwood, 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Safety effects of horizontal curves and tangents at type 2 sag vertical curves – function for horizontal curves

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Bauer and Harwood, 2014	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
All
O (property damage only) Rural Bauer and Harwood, 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Safety effects of horizontal curves and tangents at type 2 sag vertical curves – tangents at type 2 sags
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1 0
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bauer and Harwood, 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Bauer and Harwood, 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Safety effects of horizontal curves and tangents on straight grades – function for horizontal curves

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Bauer and Harwood, 2014	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
All
O (property damage only) Rural Bauer and Harwood, 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Safety effects of horizontal curves and tangents on straight grades – function for tangents on nonlevel grades

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Bauer and Harwood, 2014	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
All
O (property damage only) Rural Bauer and Harwood, 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Category: Bicyclists (210)

Subcategory: None (210)

Countermeasure: Change sidewalk width from X to Y meters (bike crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Oh et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert Blended vertical element Bike Lane to Flexible Delineator Post Bike Lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.605 39.5
  Vehicle/bicycle
  Urban Dixon et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert Flush Buffered Bike Lane to Blended Bike Lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.729 27.1
  Vehicle/bicycle
  Urban Dixon et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert Flush Buffered Bike Lane to SBL with a blend of Flexi-post and other Vertical Elements
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.567 43.3
  Vehicle/bicycle
  Urban Dixon et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert Flush Buffered Bike Lane to SBL with Flexi-posts
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.441 55.9
  Vehicle/bicycle
  Urban Dixon et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert Traditional Bike Lane to Blended Bike Lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.822 17.8
  Vehicle/bicycle
  Urban Dixon et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert Traditional Bike Lane to Flush Buffered Bike Lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.128 -12.8
  Vehicle/bicycle
  Urban Dixon et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert Traditional Bike Lane to SBL with a blend of Flexi-post and other Vertical Elements
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.64 36
  Vehicle/bicycle
  Urban Dixon et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert Traditional Bike Lane to SBL with Flexi-posts
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.498 50.2
  Vehicle/bicycle
  Urban Dixon et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert Traditional or Flush Buffered Bike Lane to Blended Bike Lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.774 22.6
  Vehicle/bicycle
  Urban Dixon et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert Traditional or Flush Buffered Bike Lane to SBL with a blend of Flexi-post and other Vertical Elements
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.602 39.8
  Vehicle/bicycle
  Urban Dixon et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert Traditional or Flush Buffered Bike Lane to SBL with Flexi-posts
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.468 53.2
  Vehicle/bicycle
  Urban Dixon et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase bike lane width
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install bicycle boulevard
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.37 63
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Minikel, E., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install bicycle lanes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.51 49
  All
  All Urban , 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.435
  All
  All Urban , 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.734 26.6
  All
  All Urban , 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.694 30.6
  All
  All Urban , 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.649 35.1
  All
  All Urban , 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7859 21.41
  All
  All Urban , 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.3065 -30.65
  All
  All Urban , 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8851 11.49
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban , 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.901 9.9
  All
  All Urban , 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9751 2.49
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban , 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.032 -3.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban , 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.558 44.2
  All
  All Urban , 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.643 35.7
  All
  All Urban , 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.756
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban , 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.287 -28.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban , 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.24 -124
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.44 56
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban Chen et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.065 -6.5
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Chen et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Chen et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.057 -5.7
  All
  All Urban Chen et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.007 -0.7
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban Chen et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.281 -28.1
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Chen et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.509 -50.9
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Chen et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.946 5.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Chen et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.855 14.5
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Chen et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.944 5.6
  All
  All Urban Chen et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.69 -69
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7736 22.64
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban , 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7717 22.83
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban , 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7755 22.45
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban , 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Koorey and Parsons, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.42 58
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.4 60
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  All
  All Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.14 -14
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.47 53
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.49 -49
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.57 -57
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install bicycle tracks

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.19	-19		Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Jensen, 2008	Partial access control[read more]

1.3 -30
Vehicle/pedestrian
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.24 -24
Vehicle/bicycle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
0.59 41
All
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.48 -48
Vehicle/bicycle
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.12 -12
All
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
2.29 -129
Vehicle/bicycle
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
2.4 -140
All
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
2.2 -120
Not specified
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
0.37 63
Vehicle/bicycle
All Not specified Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.7 -70
All
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.12 -12
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.18 -18
All
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.8 -80
All
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
0.9 10
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Not specified Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
0.62 38
Fixed object,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
0.79 21
Fixed object
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.09 -9
All
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.01 -1
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
0.99 1
Angle
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
0.92 8
Fixed object
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.23 -23
All
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.05 -5
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.78 -78
All
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.16 -16
Single vehicle
All Not specified Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
6.19 -519
Vehicle/pedestrian
All All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.66 -66
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.06 -6
All
O (property damage only) Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
0.9 10
All
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
0.97 3
Single vehicle
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
0.92 8
Single vehicle
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.13 -13
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
0.93 7
Rear end
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.01 -1
Rear end
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.34 -34
Head on
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.77 -77
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
2.35 -135
All
All Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1 0
All
All Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.3 -30
All
All Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.1 -10
Vehicle/bicycle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
0.87 13
Vehicle/bicycle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.04 -4
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
0.97 3
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.07 -7
Vehicle/pedestrian
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.27 -27
Vehicle/bicycle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.12 -12
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.01 -1
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.39 -39
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Jensen, 2008 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install cycle tracks, bike lanes, or on-street cycling

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.41	59		Vehicle/bicycle	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Nosal and Miranda-Moreno, 2012	Partial access control[read more]

0.06 94
Vehicle/bicycle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Nosal and Miranda-Moreno, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.92 8
Vehicle/bicycle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Nosal and Miranda-Moreno, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.85 15
Vehicle/bicycle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Nosal and Miranda-Moreno, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.15 85
Vehicle/bicycle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Nosal and Miranda-Moreno, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.19 81
Vehicle/bicycle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Nosal and Miranda-Moreno, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.26 74
Vehicle/bicycle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Nosal and Miranda-Moreno, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.27 73
Vehicle/bicycle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Nosal and Miranda-Moreno, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.12 88
Vehicle/bicycle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Nosal and Miranda-Moreno, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.41 59
Vehicle/bicycle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Nosal and Miranda-Moreno, 2012 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install separated bicycle lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.515 -51.5
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.535 -53.5
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.842 15.8
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.366 -36.6
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.444 -144.4
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.557 -55.7
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 4 -300
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.369 -36.9
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.307 -30.7
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 6.667 -566.7
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.308 -30.8
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.391 -39.1
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.523 -52.3
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.672 -67.2
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.113 -11.3
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.402 -40.2
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.2 -120
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.737 -73.7
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.558 -55.8
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.456 -45.6
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.011 -1.1
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.714 28.6
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.963 3.7
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.687 31.3
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.741 25.9
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.301 -30.1
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.908 9.2
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.928 7.2
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.369 -36.9
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.858 14.2
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.816 18.4
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.137 -13.7
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.828 17.2
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.951 4.9
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.918 8.2
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.839 16.1
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.858 14.2
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.359 -35.9
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.918 8.2
  All
  All Not specified Rothenberg et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install shared path
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.75 25
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install sidewalk barrier
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.99 -99
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.83 -83
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Raihan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.18 -118
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 4.2 -320
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.33 67
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.36 64
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of a cycle track 0-2m from the side of the main road with cyclist priority at intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.03 -3
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of a cycle track 2-5m from the side of the main road with cyclist priority at intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.55 45
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of a cycle track over 5m from the side of the main road with cyclist priority at intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.93 7
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of a speed hump or other speed reducing measure for through motorized vehicles on the main road
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.28 -28
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of a two-way cycle path with cyclist priority at intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.75 -75
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of additional travel lanes and a raised island
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.1 -10
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of additional travel lanes, a raised island and left-turn lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.96 4
  All
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of bicycle lanes at signalized intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.37 -37
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Turner et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.03 -103
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Turner et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Turner et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.42 58
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Turner et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Turner et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.33 -33
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Turner et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Turner et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Turner et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of bicycle lanes at signalized intersections with exclusive right turn lanes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.97 3
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Turner et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.36 -36
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Turner et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of bicycle lanes at signalized intersections with shared through/right turn lanes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.6 40
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Turner et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.4 -40
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Turner et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of colored bicycle lanes at signalized intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.61 39
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Turner et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of high quality markings for bicycle crossings with cyclist priority at intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.74 -74
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of left-turn lane or left-turn section on the main road where cyclists have priority at the intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.12 -12
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of raised bicycle crossing or other speed reducing measure for vehicles entering or leaving the side road
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.49 51
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of raised island and left-turn lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.48 -48
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of raised island with a separate space for cyclists
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.43 -43
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of red color and high quality markings for bicycle crossings with cyclist priority at intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  2.53 -153
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of red color for bicycle crossings with cyclist priority at intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.47 -47
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of vehicle travel lanes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.67 -67
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Introduction of restricted visibility from vehicles on a minor road to approaching bicyclists at intersections with cyclist priority
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.37 -37
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Introduction of very poor visibility from vehicles on a minor road to approaching bicyclists at intersections with cyclist priority
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.54 46
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Moving a separate bicycle crossing to a four-legged intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.28 -28
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Moving a separate bicycle crossing to a three-legged intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.83 17
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Schepers et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of crosswalk at signalized intersection (bike crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  8.76 -775.83
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Oh et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Provide bike lanes

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.65	35		Vehicle/bicycle	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)		Rodegerdts et al., 2004	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Raised bicycle crossings

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.09	-9		Vehicle/bicycle	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Replacement of traditional intersection with roundabout with a grade separated cycle path
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.31 -31
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Daniels et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Daniels et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Replacement of traditional intersection with roundabout with cycle lanes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.93 -93
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Daniels et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.37 -37
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Daniels et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Replacement of traditional intersection with roundabout with separated cycle path
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.42 -42
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Daniels et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Daniels et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Category: Delineation (302)

Subcategory: Visibility of existing markings (150)

Countermeasure: Increase pavement marking retroreflectivity

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Cross median,Fixed object,Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Head on,Nighttime,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle	All	Rural	Smadi et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
Cross median,Fixed object,Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Head on,Nighttime,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
All Rural Smadi et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
0.852 14.8
Nighttime
All Rural Carlson et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
0.717 28.3
Nighttime
All Rural Carlson et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Cross median,Fixed object,Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Head on,Nighttime,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
All Rural Smadi et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase pavement marking retroreflectivity of white edgelines from X to Y mcd/m^2/lux
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Donnell et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Donnell et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase pavement marking retroreflectivity of white skiplines from X to Y mcd/m^2/lux
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Donnell et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase pavement marking retroreflectivity of yellow centerlines from X to Y mcd/m^2/lux
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Donnell et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase pavement marking retroreflectivity of yellow edgelines from X to Y mcd/m^2/lux
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Donnell et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install contrast pavement markings
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.71 29
  Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Urban and suburban Williamson, M. and S. Singh, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson, M. and S. Singh, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Urban and suburban Williamson, M. and S. Singh, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Williamson, M. and S. Singh, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson, M. and S. Singh, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Urban and suburban Williamson, M. and S. Singh, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Williamson, M. and S. Singh, 2022 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install wider edgelines (4 in to 5 in)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.637	36.3		Nighttime,Single vehicle	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Park et al., 2012	Partial access control[read more]

0.64 36
Day time
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.701 29.9
Nighttime
All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.709 29.1
Day time
All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.761 23.9
All
O (property damage only) Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.623 37.7
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.699 30.1
All
All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.672 32.8
Single vehicle,Wet road
All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.705 29.5
Fixed object
All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.759 24.1
Other
All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.578 42.2
Single vehicle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.705 29.5
Nighttime,Single vehicle
All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.63 37
Single vehicle
All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.643 35.7
Nighttime,Wet road
All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.653 34.7
Wet road
All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.658 34.2
Nighttime
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install wider edgelines (4 in to 6 in)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.635 36.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.714 28.6
  Day time
  All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.877 12.3
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.825 17.5
  All
  All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.813 18.7
  Nighttime,Single vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Fixed object
  All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.757 24.3
  Nighttime,Wet road
  All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.962 3.8
  Nighttime
  All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.585 41.5
  Day time
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.873 12.7
  Nighttime
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.771 22.9
  Wet road
  All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.632 36.8
  Single vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.816 18.4
  Nighttime,Single vehicle
  All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.058 -5.8
  Nighttime
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.374 62.6
  Wet road
  All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.208 79.2
  Nighttime,Wet road
  All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.019 -1.9
  Single vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.813 18.7
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Nighttime,Single vehicle
  All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.341 65.9
  Single vehicle,Wet road
  All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.806 19.4
  All
  All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.839 16.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.804 19.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  Day time
  All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.812 18.8
  Nighttime
  All Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Day time
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Mohamed et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  All
  All Rural Mohamed et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.765 23.53
  Nighttime
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Mohamed et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.019 -1.89
  Nighttime
  All Rural Mohamed et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.774 22.58
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Mohamed et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.967 3.31
  All
  All Rural Mohamed et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install wider longitudinal pavement markings
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.725 27.5
  All
  All Rural Hussein et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Run off road
  All Rural Hussein et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.877 12.3
  All
  All Rural Hussein et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.889 11.1
  All
  All Rural Hussein et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.773 22.7
  Run off road
  All Rural Hussein et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.711 28.9
  Run off road
  All Rural Hussein et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.989 1.1
  All
  All Rural Hussein et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.751 24.9
  Run off road
  All Rural Hussein et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install wider markings and both edgeline and centerline rumble strips with resurfacing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.53 47
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install wider markings and edgeline rumble strips with resurfacing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.9 10
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install wider markings and shoulder rumble strips with resurfacing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.74 26
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install wider markings with resurfacing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.75 25
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install wider markings WITHOUT resurfacing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.78 22
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Potts et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Upgrade existing markings to wet-reflective pavement markings
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.087 -8.7
  Dry weather
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.871 12.9
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.887 11.3
  All
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.893 10.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.863 13.7
  Wet road
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.874 12.6
  Nighttime
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Dry weather
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.881 11.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.861 13.9
  Wet road
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.977 2.3
  All
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.979 2.1
  Nighttime,Wet road
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.964 3.6
  Run off road
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  Sideswipe
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.009 -0.9
  Dry weather
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.966 3.4
  Nighttime
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.751 24.9
  Wet road
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.838 16.2
  Dry weather
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.696 30.4
  Nighttime
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.944 5.6
  All
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.053 -5.3
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.006 -0.6
  Sideswipe
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.022 -2.2
  Run off road
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.984 1.6
  Dry weather
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.979 2.1
  Nighttime
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.032 -3.2
  All
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.081 -8.1
  Run off road
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  Nighttime
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.907 9.3
  Nighttime,Wet road
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.685 31.5
  Wet road
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Run off road
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.015 -1.5
  Sideswipe
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Wet road
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.825 17.5
  All
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.595 40.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.538 46.2
  Run off road
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.926 7.4
  Dry weather
  All Not specified Park et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Wet road
  All Not specified Park et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.466 53.4
  Wet road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.836 16.4
  Dry weather
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.746 25.4
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Not specified Park et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  Dry weather,Run off road
  All Not specified Park et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.941 5.9
  Sideswipe
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.31 -31
  Sideswipe
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.17 -17
  Nighttime,Wet road
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.001 -0.1
  Nighttime,Wet road
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.823 17.7
  Nighttime,Wet road
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.949 5.1
  All
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.907 9.3
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.153 -15.3
  Run off road
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.614 38.6
  Wet road
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.002 -0.2
  Dry weather
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.756 24.4
  Nighttime
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.181 -18.1
  Nighttime,Wet road
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.949 5.1
  Sideswipe
  All Lyon et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Supplemental delineation (36)

Countermeasure: Install lighted pavement marking system for lane delineation
- 0.889 11.1
  All
  All Urban Stevens et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install post-mounted delineators
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.19 -19
  All
  All Choi et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install raised pavement markers
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.81 19
  All
  All Rural Sun and Das, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  All Rural Sun and Das, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  All
  All Rural Sun and Das, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Nighttime
  All Rural Sun and Das, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Nighttime
  All Rural Sun and Das, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Nighttime
  All Rural Sun and Das, 2013 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install raised pavement markers and transverse rumble strips on approach to horizontal curves

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.94	6		Run off road	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install raised pavement markers with restriping (center and edgelines)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.78 22
  All
  All Rural Sun and Das, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Nighttime
  All Rural Sun and Das, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  All Rural Sun and Das, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Nighttime
  All Rural Sun and Das, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  All
  All Rural Sun and Das, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  Nighttime
  All Rural Sun and Das, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install snowplowable, permanent raised pavement markers
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.13 -13
  Nighttime
  All Rural Bahar et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Nighttime
  All Rural Bahar et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Nighttime
  All Rural Bahar et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install snowplowable, permanent raised pavement markers (Radius greater than 1640 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.16 -16
  Nighttime
  All Rural Bahar et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Nighttime
  All Rural Bahar et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Nighttime
  All Rural Bahar et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install snowplowable, permanent raised pavement markers (Radius less than or equal to 1640 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.43 -43
  Nighttime
  All Rural Bahar et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.26 -26
  Nighttime
  All Rural Bahar et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Nighttime
  All Rural Bahar et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install transverse rumble strips and raised pavement markers
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.47 53
  All
  All Rural Agent, K. R. and Creasey, F. T., 1986 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  Wet road
  All Rural Agent, K. R. and Creasey, F. T., 1986 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.36 64
  Nighttime
  All Rural Agent, K. R. and Creasey, F. T., 1986 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install transverse rumble strips, raised pavement markers, and transverse markings
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.1 -10
  All
  All Rural Agent, K. R. and Creasey, F. T., 1986 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Wet road
  All Rural Agent, K. R. and Creasey, F. T., 1986 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 18
  Nighttime
  All Rural Agent, K. R. and Creasey, F. T., 1986 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Mark pavement with supplementary warning messages
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.7 30
  Angle
  All Urban Polanis, 1999 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Placing edgelines and background/ directional markings on horizontal curves

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.81	19		Run off road	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Other (1)
- Countermeasure: Install distance markers (angle symbols) on roadway segments
  - 0.44 56
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: On-pavement markings (115)

Countermeasure: Add lane lines on multilane roadway segments
- 0.82 18
  All
  All Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install edgeline pavement markings on narrow, rural, two-lane roads
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.85 15
  All
  All Rural Sun et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  All
  All Rural Sun and Das, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install edgelines (curves)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.741 25.9
  All
  All Rural Tsyganov et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Run off road
  All Urban Tsyganov et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.873 12.7
  Run off road
  All Rural Tsyganov et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.671 32.9
  All
  All Rural Tsyganov et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.963 3.7
  Speed related
  All Rural Tsyganov et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install edgelines (tangent)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.866 13.4
  Run off road
  All Rural Tsyganov et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.943 5.7
  All
  All Rural Tsyganov et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.939 6.1
  All
  All Rural Tsyganov et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.966 3.4
  Speed related
  All Rural Tsyganov et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.861 13.9
  Run off road
  All Rural Tsyganov et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install edgelines (tangents and curves)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.848 15.2
  All
  All Rural Miller. J. P., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.807 19.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Miller. J. P., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.888 11.2
  Run off road
  All Rural Tsyganov et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.921 7.9
  All
  All Rural Tsyganov et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.868 13.2
  Run off road
  All Rural Tsyganov et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.913 8.7
  All
  All Rural Tsyganov et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.963 3.7
  Speed related
  All Rural Tsyganov et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install edgelines and centerlines at sites with higher incidences of crashes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.87 14
  All
  All Rural Al-Masaeid, H. R. and Sinha, H., 1993 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install edgelines, centerlines, and post-mounted delineators
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.55 45
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install in-lane curve warning pavement markings

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.693	30.7		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Donnell et al., 2019	Partial access control[read more]

0.652 34.8
All
All Rural Donnell et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.745 25.5
Run off road
All Rural Donnell et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.771 22.9
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Donnell et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.708 29.2
All
All Rural Donnell et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.769 23.1
Run off road
All Rural Donnell et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.652 34.8
All
All Rural Wood and Donnell, 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.693 30.7
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Wood and Donnell, 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.769 23.1
Run off road
All Rural Wood and Donnell, 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.708 29.2
All
All Rural Wood and Donnell, 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.616 38.4
All
All Lyon et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.649 35.1
Nighttime
All Lyon et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.647 35.3
Other
All Lyon et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
1.67 -67
Run off road
All Lyon et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
1.01 -1
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Lyon et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.771 22.9
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Wood and Donnell, 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.745 25.5
Run off road
All Rural Wood and Donnell, 2020 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install Inlaid Pavement Marker (IPM)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.83 17
  Other
  All All , 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Other
  All All , 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  All
  K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury), O (property damage only) All , 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  All
  All All , 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  All
  All All , 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  All All , 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  All
  All All , 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Other
  All All , 2023 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install profiled thermoplastic pavement markings
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.898 10.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.146 -14.6
  Run off road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.973 2.7
  Nighttime
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.908 9.2
  Nighttime,Wet road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.954 4.6
  All
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.012 -1.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.941 5.9
  Run off road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.229 -22.9
  Head on
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.983 1.7
  Wet road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  Nighttime
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Nighttime,Wet road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.986 1.4
  All
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.894 10.6
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.009 -0.9
  Sideswipe
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.027 -2.7
  Wet road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.926 7.4
  Nighttime
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.903 9.7
  Nighttime,Wet road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.003 -0.3
  Wet road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.061 -6.1
  Run off road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.973 2.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.968 3.2
  All
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install supplemental intersection shaped pavement markings
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.51 49
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.65 35
  Angle
  O (property damage only) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  Angle
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  Angle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.31 69
  Rear end
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.24 76
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.25 75
  Rear end
  O (property damage only) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Place centerline markings
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.99 1
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Place edgeline and centerline markings
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.76 24
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  All
  All Rural Al-Masaeid, H. R. and Sinha, H., 1993 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Place standard edgeline marking (4-6 in)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.97 3
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Place wide (8 inches) edgeline markings
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.05 -5
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide "Stop Ahead" pavement markings
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.58 42
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gross et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gross et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  All
  All Rural Gross et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gross et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.44 56
  All
  All Rural Gross et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  All
  All Rural Gross et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.4 60
  All
  All Rural Gross et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.33 67
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.12 88
  Angle
  O (property damage only) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.34 66
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.31 69
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.23 77
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.11 89
  Rear end
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.26 74
  Angle
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.29 71
  Angle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.24 76
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.28 72
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.08 92
  Angle
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.05 95
  Rear end
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.04 96
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.03 97
  Rear end
  O (property damage only) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.12 88
  Angle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.14 86
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.05 95
  Rear end
  O (property damage only) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Rear end
  All Rural Gross et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  Angle
  All Rural Gross et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gross et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  All Rural Gross et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gross et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Angle
  O (property damage only) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]

Category: Highway lighting (98)

Subcategory: None (98)

Countermeasure: Change average illuminance from 1 to X
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Day time,Nighttime
  All Wang et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Full lineal to no or partial lineal lighting
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.392 -39.2
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Monsere and Fischer, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.905 9.5
  All
  All Suburban Monsere and Fischer, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.289 -28.9
  All
  All Suburban Monsere and Fischer, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.766 22.4
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Monsere and Fischer, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Full to partial interchange lighting
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.886 11.4
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Monsere and Fischer, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.913 8.7
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Monsere and Fischer, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.035 -3.5
  All
  All Suburban Monsere and Fischer, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.984 1.6
  All
  All Suburban Monsere and Fischer, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Illumination
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.69 31
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.31 69
  All
  K (fatal) All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.27 74
  All
  K (fatal) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.37 64
  All
  K (fatal) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 32
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.27 73
  All
  K (fatal) All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  All
  O (property damage only) All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve lighting
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.158 -15.8
  Other
  All Urban Wei et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve street lighting illuminance and uniformity
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.679 32.1
  All
  All Urban and suburban Li et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.581 41.9
  All
  All Urban and suburban Li et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.391 -39.1
  All
  All Urban and suburban Li et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Other
  All Urban Yang et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve street lighting illuminance uniformity
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.977 2.3
  Nighttime
  All Wang et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: increase intersection illuminance from low (< 0.2 fc) to medium (≥ 0.2 fc and <1.1 fc)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.519 48.1
  Other
  All Urban Wei et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.47 53
  Nighttime
  All Urban Wei et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.48 52
  Nighttime
  All Urban Wei et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install intersection lighting
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.792 20.8
  All
  All Rural Sacchi and Tayebikhorami, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.881 11.9
  Nighttime
  All All Donnell, Porter, Shankar, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install lighting
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.74 26
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  Single vehicle
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Angle
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  Rear end
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Other
  All All Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Angle
  All All Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Rear end
  All All Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  All
  All All Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Single vehicle
  All All Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  All
  O (property damage only) All Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Other
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Not specified
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Wanvik, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  Nighttime
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Wanvik, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  Nighttime
  K (fatal) All Wanvik, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.922 7.8
  All
  All Choi et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  Nighttime,Wet road
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Wanvik, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.44 56
  Dry weather,Nighttime
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Wanvik, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  Nighttime,Vehicle/pedestrian
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Wanvik, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.4 60
  Nighttime,Vehicle/bicycle
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Wanvik, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  Fixed object,Nighttime
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Wanvik, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  Head on,Nighttime
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Wanvik, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  Nighttime,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Wanvik, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  Nighttime
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Wanvik, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Nighttime
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Wanvik, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  All,Nighttime
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Wanvik, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  Nighttime
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Wanvik, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.49 51
  Nighttime,Rear end
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Wanvik, 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install lighting at interchanges

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.74	26		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Hovey and Chowdhury, 2005	Partial access control[read more]

0.5 50
All
All All Hovey and Chowdhury, 2005 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install single luminaire at intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.29 71
  All,Nighttime
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  All,Nighttime
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  All,Nighttime
  O (property damage only) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Partial plus to partial interchange lighting
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.862 13.8
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Monsere and Fischer, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.036 -3.6
  All
  All Suburban Monsere and Fischer, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Monsere and Fischer, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.648 35.2
  All
  All Suburban Monsere and Fischer, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide highway lighting
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.31 69
  All
  K (fatal) All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Nighttime
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 18
  Nighttime
  O (property damage only) All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Nighttime
  All Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Nighttime
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide intersection illumination
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.67 32.6
  Angle
  All Rural Ye et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 43.8
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Rural Ye et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.19 82
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.41 59
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.22 78
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  Nighttime
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not Specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  Nighttime,Vehicle/pedestrian
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not Specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.23 77
  All
  K (fatal) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.52 49
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Day time
  All Urban and suburban Bullough et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Nighttime
  All Urban and suburban Bullough et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  Day time
  All Urban and suburban Bullough et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Nighttime
  All Urban and suburban Bullough et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Day time
  All Rural Bullough et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Nighttime
  All Rural Bullough et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.09 -9
  Day time
  All Rural Bullough et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  Nighttime
  All Rural Bullough et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  Day time
  All All Bullough et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Nighttime
  All All Bullough et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]

Category: Interchange design (162)

Subcategory: None (162)

Countermeasure: Add continuous auxiliary lane for weaving between entrance ramp and exit ramp
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.77 23
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Ray et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  All
  All Ray et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Single vehicle
  All Ray et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Multiple vehicle
  All Ray et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change length of deceleration lane from 101-200 ft. to 601-700 ft.
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.064 93.56
  All
  All Not specified Chen, Zhou, and Lin, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change length of deceleration lane from 201-300 ft. to 601-700 ft.
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.155 84.47
  All
  All Not specified Chen, Zhou, and Lin, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change length of deceleration lane from 301-400 ft. to 601-700 ft.
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.241 75.93
  All
  All Not specified Chen, Zhou, and Lin, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change length of deceleration lane from 401-500 ft. to 601-700 ft.
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.59 40.97
  All
  All Not specified Chen, Zhou, and Lin, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change length of deceleration lane from 501-600 ft. to 601-700 ft.
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.978 2.18
  All
  All Not specified Chen, Zhou, and Lin, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change length of deceleration lane from 701-800 ft. to 601-700 ft.
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.478 52.24
  All
  All Not specified Chen, Zhou, and Lin, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change length of deceleration lane from 801-900 ft. to 601-700 ft.
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.317 68.29
  All
  All Not specified Chen, Zhou, and Lin, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change length of deceleration lane from less than 100 ft. to 601-700 ft.
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.016 98.41
  All
  All Not specified Chen, Zhou, and Lin, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change length of deceleration lane on one-lane freeway exit ramp from X to Y miles
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Chen et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change number of lanes on cross road at diamond interchange ramp from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Wang et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change number of lanes on freeway with one-lane exit from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Chen et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change number of lanes on freeway with two-lane exit from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Chen et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Chen et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change spacing distance between two ramp terminals at diamond interchange from X to Y feet
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Rear end
  All Wang et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Angle
  All Wang et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Wang et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change the inverse of the ramp spacing from X to Y (1/feet)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Not specified Ray et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Closely spaced single-lane entrance and exit ramp vs. single-lane entrance and exit ramps with continuous auxiliary lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.46 -46.1
  All
  All Liu et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert a Type I exit ramp to a Type II exit ramp

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.21	-21		Truck related	All	Not specified	Zhenyu Wang, Bin Cao, Weiping Deng, Jian John Lu, and Zhao Zhang, 2011	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert a Type I exit ramp to a Type III exit ramp

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.79	21		Truck related	All	Not specified	Zhenyu Wang, Bin Cao, Weiping Deng, Jian John Lu, and Zhao Zhang, 2011	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert a Type I exit ramp to a Type IV exit ramp
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1 0
  Truck related
  All Not specified Zhenyu Wang, Bin Cao, Weiping Deng, Jian John Lu, and Zhao Zhang, 2011 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert a Type III exit ramp to a Type IV exit ramp

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.26	-26		Truck related	All	Not specified	Zhenyu Wang, Bin Cao, Weiping Deng, Jian John Lu, and Zhao Zhang, 2011	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert at-grade intersection into grade-separated interchange
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.64 36
  All
  O (property damage only) Not Specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  All
  All Not Specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not Specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  All Not Specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  All
  All Not Specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.43 57
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not Specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert at-grade intersections to Diverging Diamond Interchanges
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.42 58
  All
  All Walls et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.755 24.5
  All
  All Zlatkovic, M., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert balanced lane configuration to unbalanced lane configuration at one-lane exit
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.98 1.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Chen et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.43 -43
  All
  All Chen et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert balanced lane configuration to unbalanced lane configuration at two-lane exit
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.97 3.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Chen et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.23 -22.9
  All
  All Chen et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert diamond interchange to Diverging Diamond Interchange (DDI) or Double Crossover Diamond (DCD)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.858 14.2
  All
  All Urban and suburban Abdelrahman et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.558 44.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Abdelrahman et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Abdelrahman et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.887 11.3
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Abdelrahman et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.448 55.2
  Angle,Left turn
  All Urban and suburban Abdelrahman et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.845 15.5
  Single vehicle
  All Urban and suburban Abdelrahman et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.241 -24.1
  Sideswipe
  All Urban and suburban Abdelrahman et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.643 35.7
  Head on
  All Urban and suburban Abdelrahman et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.762 -76.2
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Abdelrahman et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.139 -13.9
  Sideswipe
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.549 45.1
  Rear end
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.512 48.8
  All
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.328 67.2
  All
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.577 42.3
  All
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.821 17.9
  All
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.633 36.7
  All
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.441 55.9
  Angle
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.695 30.5
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.461 53.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.648 35.2
  All
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.638 36.2
  All
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.625 37.5
  All
  All Urban Claros et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.686 31.4
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Claros et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Claros et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  All
  All Suburban Hummer et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.59 41
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Hummer et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Rear end
  All Urban Hummer et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.27 -27
  Sideswipe
  All Suburban Hummer et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Single vehicle
  All Suburban Hummer et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.33 67
  Angle
  All Suburban Hummer et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.592 40.8
  All
  All Urban Claros et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.649 35.1
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Claros et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.374 62.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Claros et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.257 74.3
  Rear end
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.138 -13.8
  Sideswipe
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.11 89
  Angle
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.576 42.4
  Rear end
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.714 28.6
  Sideswipe
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.153
  Angle
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.582
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.888
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.502 49.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.232 76.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.36 64
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.312 68.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.626 37.4
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.919 8.1
  All
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.626 37.4
  All
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.557 44.3
  All
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.647 35.3
  All
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.425 57.5
  All
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 47
  All
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.514 48.6
  All
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  All
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.44 -44
  Sideswipe
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.572 42.8
  Rear end
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.655 34.5
  Sideswipe
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.039 -3.9
  Angle
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.339 66.1
  Angle
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.587 41.3
  Rear end
  All Not specified Nye et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  All
  All Urban Chilukuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.28 72
  All
  B (minor injury) Urban Chilukuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Chilukuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Rear end
  All Urban Chilukuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Left turn
  All Urban Chilukuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Not specified
  All Urban Chilukuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert to roundabout interchanges

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.594	40.6		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)		Boris Claros, Beau Burdett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2021	Partial access control[read more]

0.528 47.2
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Boris Claros, Beau Burdett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.822 17.8
All
All Boris Claros, Beau Burdett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.942 5.8
All
O (property damage only) Boris Claros, Beau Burdett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
1.137 -13.7
All
O (property damage only) Boris Claros, Beau Burdett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.954 4.6
All
All Boris Claros, Beau Burdett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.351 64.9
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Boris Claros, Beau Burdett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.671 32.9
All
O (property damage only) Boris Claros, Beau Burdett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.604 39.6
All
All Boris Claros, Beau Burdett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
1.047 -4.7
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Claros et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.066 -6.6
All
All All Claros et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.756 24.4
All
All All Claros et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.067 -6.7
All
O (property damage only) All Claros et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.769 23.1
All
O (property damage only) All Claros et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.672 32.8
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Claros et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.288 -28.8
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Claros et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.336 -33.6
All
O (property damage only) All Claros et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.333 -33.3
All
All All Claros et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Design diamond, trumpet, or cloverleaf interchange with crossroad above freeway
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.96 4
  All
  All Not Specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Divided vs. undivided cross road at diamond interchange ramps
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.53 47.2
  All
  All Wang et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Extend acceleration lane by approx. 98 ft (30 m)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.89 11
  All
  All Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Extend deceleration lane by approx. 100 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.93 7
  All
  All Not Specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Left side off ramp
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.49 -49
  Not specified
  Not specified Not specified Zhou et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Modify length of acceleration lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Modify spacing between entrance and exit ramps from S1 (ft) to S2 (ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Ray et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Ray et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Single vehicle
  All Ray et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Multiple vehicle
  All Ray et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Modify spacing between two consecutive entrance ramps from S1 (ft) to S2 (ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Ray et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Ray et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Single vehicle
  All Ray et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Multiple vehicle
  All Ray et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Modify two-lane-change to one-lane-change merge/diverge area
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.68 32
  All
  All Not Specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide an auxiliary lane between an entrance ramp and exit ramp
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.76 24
  Angle,Rear end,Sideswipe
  All Not specified Ray et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Single vehicle
  All Not specified Ray et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ray et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  All Not specified Ray et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide cloverleaf ramp instead of long ramp
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.77 23
  All
  All Not specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide diamond interchange
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.91 9
  All
  All Not specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.43 -43
  Truck related
  All Not specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  All
  All Not specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  All
  All Not specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Truck related
  All Not specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  All Not specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Truck related
  All Not specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide long ramp instead of shortramp
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.62 38
  All
  All Not specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide short ramp instead of directional loop ramp
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.7 30
  All
  All Not specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide straight ramp instead of cloverleaf ramp
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.55 45
  All
  All Not specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide tight-urban-diamond interchange (TUDI)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.02 -2
  All
  All Not specified Elvik, R. and Erke, A., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Reverse X-ramp exit and entry ramps
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.49 51
  All
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Cooner and Rathod, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.33 67
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Cooner and Rathod, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.65 35
  All
  All Urban Cooner and Rathod, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.13 -13
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Cooner and Rathod, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Single-lane entrance ramp and two-lane exit ramp with continuous auxiliary lane vs. single-lane entrance and exit ramps with continuous auxiliary lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  2.02 -101.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Liu et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.13 -113.3
  All
  All Liu et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Single-lane exit ramp without taper (right ramp only)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.128 -12.8
  All
  All Chen et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]

Category: Intersection geometry (999)

Subcategory: Turn lanes (338)

Countermeasure: Addition of left- or right-turn by-pass lanes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.81 19
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Preston and Schoenecker, 1999 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.25 -25
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Preston and Schoenecker, 1999 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  All Rural Preston and Schoenecker, 1999 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change right-turn lane geometry to increase line of sight (approach level)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.41 59
  All
  All Schattler et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.404 59.6
  Right turn
  All Schattler et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 47
  Right turn
  All Urban Barua, U., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  Right turn
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Barua, U., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change right-turn lane geometry to increase line of sight (intersection level)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.558 44.2
  All
  All Schattler et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.564 43.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Schattler et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve left-turn lane offset to create positive offset
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.662 33.8
  All
  All Not specified Persaud et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.644 35.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Persaud et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  Left turn
  All Not specified Persaud et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.683 31.7
  Rear end
  All Not specified Persaud et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase the number of left-turn lanes on the major road from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Sideswipe
  All Rural Ye et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase the number of left-turn lanes on the minor road from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Angle
  All Rural Ye et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase the number of right-turn lanes on the major road from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Rear end
  All Rural Ye et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Sideswipe
  All Rural Ye et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install left-turn lane

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.79	21		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	El-Basyouny and Sayed, 2011	Partial access control[read more]

0.8 20
All
O (property damage only) Urban El-Basyouny and Sayed, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
0.73 27
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.69 31
All
All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.64 36
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.92 8
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.96 4
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install left-turn lane (signal has left-turn phase)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.65 35
  All
  All Rodegerdts et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.27 73
  Head on
  All Urban Morena et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.34 66
  Head on
  All Urban Morena et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install offset right turn lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0 100
  Rear end
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.67 -267
  All
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.93 -193
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.2 -120
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 6.6 -560
  Rear end
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.47 53
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.31 69
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.47 53
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.41 -41
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6.15
  All
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Left turn
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.37 -37
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.41 -41
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.39 -39
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Left turn
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.39 -39
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.78 -178
  All
  K (fatal) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  All
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.47 53
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install one left-turn lane on both major road directions
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.36 -36
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install one left-turn lane on the minor approach of an unsignalized 3-leg intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.75 25
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install positive offset left turn lanes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.5 50
  All
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.57 -57
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.22 78
  Left turn,Rear end
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.37 63
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.62 -162
  Not specified
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  All
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  All
  K (fatal) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.16 84
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.35 65
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.65 -65
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.24 76
  Left turn,Rear end
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  Not specified
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.24 -24
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install right-turn lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.7 30
  Rear end
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.992 0.8
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.984 1.6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.991 0.9
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.993 0.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.993 0.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.993 0.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.989 1.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.993 0.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.997 0.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.994 0.6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.996 0.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.997 0.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.994 0.6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.996 0.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.997 0.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.993 0.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.997 0.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.993 0.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.979 2.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.985 1.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.978 2.2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.986 1.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.972 2.8
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.986 1.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.986 1.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.987 1.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.991 0.9
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.982 1.8
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.987 1.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.985 1.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.989 1.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.979 2.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.985 1.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.986 1.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.986 1.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.989 1.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.977 2.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.983 1.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.967 3.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.976 2.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.971 2.9
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.979 2.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.959 4.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.945 5.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.959 4.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.927 7.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.944 5.6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.933 6.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.949 5.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.911 8.9
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.932 6.8
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.963 3.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.973 2.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.949 5.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.962 3.8
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.954 4.6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.966 3.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.937 6.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.953 4.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.971 2.9
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.946 5.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.951 4.9
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.963 3.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.933 6.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 3.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.933 6.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.939 6.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.954 4.6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.919 8.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.938 6.2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.967 3.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.976 2.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.954 4.6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.966 3.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.958 4.2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.969 3.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.943 5.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.957 4.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.964 3.6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.974 2.6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.951 4.9
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.964 3.6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.955 4.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.967 3.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.939 6.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.955 4.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.923 7.9
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.939 6.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.897 10.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.919 8.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.904 9.6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.926 7.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.878 12.2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.923 9.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.944 5.6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.958 4.2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.925 7.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.943 5.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.932 6.8
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.948 5.2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.941 5.9
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.956 4.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.921 7.9
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.928 7.2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.945 5.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.905 9.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.926 7.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.993 0.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.985 1.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.989 1.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.993 0.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.993 0.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.993 0.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.993 0.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.992 0.8
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.994 0.6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.989 1.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.992 0.8
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.993 0.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.993 0.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.967 3.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.976 2.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.954 4.6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.966 3.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.978 2.2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.958 4.2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.969 3.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.978 2.2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.984 1.6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.969 3.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.978 2.2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.985 1.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.972 2.8
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.979 2.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.977 2.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.983 1.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.967 3.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.976 2.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.978 2.2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.983 1.6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.978 2.2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.967 3.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.976 2.4
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.955 4.5
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.967 3.3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.959 4.1
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.944 5.6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.958 4.2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.978 2.2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.984 1.6
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.978 2.2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.973 2.7
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.962 3.8
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.972 2.8
  Dry weather
  All All Ale et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.834 16.6
  All
  All Rural Sacchi and Tayebikhorami, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install right-turn lane on minor road of a signalized T intersection (motorcycle crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.6 -60
  All
  All Urban Haque et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install right-turn lanes on major road of a signalized T intersection (motorcycle crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  2.5 -150
  All
  All Urban Haque et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install uncontrolled left-turn lane on major road of a 4-leg signalized intersection (motorcycle crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.23 -23
  All
  All Urban Haque et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install uncontrolled left-turn lane on major road of a signalized T intersection (motorcycle crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.4 -40
  All
  All Urban Haque et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of left-turn lanes on both major road approaches
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.98 2
  All
  All Not specified Haleem et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  All
  All Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Introduce painted left-turn channelization
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.61 39
  Rear end,Sideswipe
  All Rural Jonsson et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  All
  All Rural Jonsson et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Introduce raised/curb left-turn channelization
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.75 25
  Rear end,Sideswipe
  All Rural Jonsson et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  All Rural Jonsson et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Introducing zero or positive offset left-turn lane on crossing roadway
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.74 26
  Angle
  All Urban Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Angle
  All Urban Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Painted channelization of both major and minor roads
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.43 57
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Painted channelization of left-turn lane on major road
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.74 26
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.28 -28
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Physical channelization of both major and minor roads
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.87 13
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.16 -16
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Physical channelization of right-turn lane on major road
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.98 2
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Positive left-turn lane offset (left turn crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.15 85
  Left turn
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Left turn
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of exclusive left or right turn on either approach (transit-serviced locations)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.96 3.6
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of exclusive left turn (transit-serviced locations)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.88 11.7
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of exclusive right turn phase at diamond interchange ramps
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.27 73.3
  All
  All Wang et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.37 62.6
  Rear end
  All Wang et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.13 87.5
  Angle
  All Wang et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of right turning lane on arterial with signal coordination
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.06 93.6
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Wei and Tarko, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.32 68.3
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Wei and Tarko, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide a channelized left-turn lane on both major- and minor-road approaches
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.73 27
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide a channelized left-turn lane on both major-road approaches
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.84 16
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.2 -20
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide a left-turn lane on both major-road approaches
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.52 48
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.52 48
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 47
  All
  All Urban Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  All
  All Urban Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  All
  All Urban Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.42 58
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide a left-turn lane on one major-road approach
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.73 27
  All
  All Urban Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  All
  All Urban Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  All
  All Urban Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  All Urban Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.65 35
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.61 39
  All
  All Not specified Haleem et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  All Urban Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.65 35
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide a right-turn lane on both major-road approaches
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.74 26
  All
  All All Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  All All Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.59 41
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide a right-turn lane on one major-road approach
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.77 23
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  All
  All All Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  All All Harwood et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  All Not specified Haleem et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  All Not specified Haleem et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Provide Right Turn Channelization

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.616	38.4		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Boris Claros, Erynn Schroeder, Kentin Brummett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2022	Partial access control[read more]

0.734 26.6
All
All Not specified Boris Claros, Erynn Schroeder, Kentin Brummett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
0.786 21.4
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Boris Claros, Erynn Schroeder, Kentin Brummett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2022 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Other (154)
- Countermeasure: Change Corner Right Turn Radius
  - 1.18 -18
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.3 -30
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.39 -39
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.47 -47
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.53 -53
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.59 -59
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Change number of lanes on major road of a 4-leg signalized intersection from X to Y (motorcycle crashes)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    F(x) F(x)
    All
    All Urban Haque et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Change number of lanes on minor road of a 4-leg signalized intersection from X to Y (motorcycle crashes)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    F(x) F(x)
    All
    All Urban Haque et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Change number of lanes on minor road of a signalized T intersection (motorcycle crashes)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    F(x) F(x)
    All
    All Urban Haque et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Change number of through lanes on minor road (from 2 to 1)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.88 12
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Change roundabout circulating sight distance from X to Y
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    F(x) F(x)
    Rear end
    All Not specified Angelastro, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    All
    All Not specified Angelastro, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Change roundabout intersection sight distance from X to Y
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    F(x) F(x)
    Run off road
    All Angelastro, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert a 3-leg unsignalized intersection at a driveway to a 3-leg unsignalized intersection at a ramp junction
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    2.29 -129
    All
    All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert a 4-leg unsignalized intersection at driveways to a regular 4-leg unsignalized intersection
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.11 -11
    All
    All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert intersection to restricted crossing U-turn (RCUT) intersection
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.8 20
    All
    All All Sun and Rahman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.8 20
    All
    All All Sun and Rahman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.42 58
    All
    All All Sun and Rahman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.07 -7
    All
    All All Sun and Rahman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.77 23
    All
    All All Sun and Rahman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.86
    All
    All All Sun and Rahman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.69 31
    All
    All All Sun and Rahman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.87 13
    All
    All All Sun and Rahman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.06 -6
    All
    All All Sun and Rahman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.5726 42.74
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.5669 43.31
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.7632 23.68
    All
    All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.3299 67.01
    Other
    All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.7511 24.89
    Rear end
    All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.0667 93.33
    Head on
    All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.5854 41.46
    Angle
    All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.9291 7.09
    Other
    All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.3079 -30.79
    Single vehicle
    All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.8414 15.86
    All
    O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.301 69.92
    All
    All Rural Mishra and Pulugurtha, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.351 64.86
    All
    All Suburban Mishra and Pulugurtha, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.266 73.39
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Mishra and Pulugurtha, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.898 10.15
    All
    All Rural Mishra and Pulugurtha, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.157 84.26
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Mishra and Pulugurtha, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.689 31.08
    All
    All Suburban Mishra and Pulugurtha, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.689 31.13
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Mishra and Pulugurtha, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.212 78.77
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Mishra and Pulugurtha, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.288 71.15
    All
    All Rural Mishra and Pulugurtha, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.249 75.1
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Mishra and Pulugurtha, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.108 89.25
    All
    All Rural Mishra and Pulugurtha, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.056 94.41
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Mishra and Pulugurtha, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0 100
    All
    K (fatal) Not specified Sun et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.777 22.3
    All
    O (property damage only) Not specified Sun et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.585 41.5
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Sun et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.714 28.6
    All
    All Not specified Sun et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Implement black spot treatment programme
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.81 19
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.71 29
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.71 29
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.79 21
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.79 21
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.77 23
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.67 33
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.79 21
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.58 42
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.73 27
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.54 46
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.76 24
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.89 11
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install bicycle lane and/or bicycle slot at intersection
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.27 -27
    Vehicle/bicycle
    All Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.71 -71
    Vehicle/bicycle
    K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.36 -36
    Vehicle/bicycle
    All Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install median acceleration lane
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.4 60
    Left turn
    All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.5 50
    Left turn
    All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.44 56
    Rear end
    All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1 0
    Sideswipe
    All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 4.67 -367
    Not specified
    All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.77 23
    All
    All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.55 45
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.95 5
    All
    O (property damage only) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.75 25
    Angle
    All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.52 48
    Angle
    All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.8 20
    Angle
    All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.17 -17
    Left turn
    All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.21 79
    Rear end
    All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 7 -600
    Sideswipe
    All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.17 -17
    Not specified
    All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.9 10
    Angle
    All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.13 -12.5
    All
    All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.88 12.5
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.25 -25
    All
    O (property damage only) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.56 -56
    All
    K (fatal) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.61 39
    Angle
    All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.43 -43
    Angle
    All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install restricted crossing U-turn intersections
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    F(x) F(x)
    All
    All Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    All
    All Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    All
    All Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    All
    All Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    All
    All Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    All
    All Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.009 -0.9
    All
    All Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.382 -38.2
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.003 -0.3
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.967 3.3
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.015 -1.5
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    All
    All Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    All
    All Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    All
    All Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.169 -16.9
    All
    All Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.955 4.5
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.946 5.4
    All
    All Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.39 -39
    All
    All Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.728 27.2
    All
    All Urban and suburban Ulak et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install Slip Lane
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.94 6
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.97 3
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Permit through movements from both minor approaches to an intersection instead of from only one minor approach
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.31 69
    All
    All Not specified Haleem et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Presence of an elevated road above intersection
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.58 -58
    All
    All Urban Kun Xie, Xuesong Wang, Helai Huang, Xiahong Chen, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Roundabout geometry
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    F(x)
    All
    All Urban Anjana and Anjaneyulu, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    All Urban Anjana and Anjaneyulu, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    All Urban Anjana and Anjaneyulu, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    All Urban Anjana and Anjaneyulu, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    O (property damage only) Urban Anjana and Anjaneyulu, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Anjana and Anjaneyulu, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    All Urban Anjana and Anjaneyulu, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    All Urban Anjana and Anjaneyulu, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Anjana and Anjaneyulu, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Anjana and Anjaneyulu, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    O (property damage only) Urban Anjana and Anjaneyulu, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Anjana and Anjaneyulu, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    O (property damage only) Urban Anjana and Anjaneyulu, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    O (property damage only) Urban Anjana and Anjaneyulu, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Anjana and Anjaneyulu, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    O (property damage only) Urban Anjana and Anjaneyulu, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
Subcategory: Number of intersection legs (4)
- Countermeasure: Change number of 3-leg intersections from X to Y
  - F(x) F(x)
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Ukkusuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Change number of 5-leg intersections from X to Y
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    F(x) F(x)
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Ukkusuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Presence of three leg intersection vs. four leg intersection
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.86 13.8
    Vehicle/bicycle
    All Urban and suburban Miranda-Moreno et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.75 25
    All
    All Urban Kun Xie, Xuesong Wang, Helai Huang, Xiahong Chen, 2013 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Intersection geometry reconfiguration (503)

Countermeasure: Change intersection sight distance
- F(x)
  Other
  All All Himes et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Himes et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change intersection skew angle
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.4 -40
  All
  All Rural Ingle and Gates, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.3 -30
  All
  All Rural Ingle and Gates, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.22 -22
  All
  All Rural Ingle and Gates, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural Ingle and Gates, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural Ingle and Gates, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural Ingle and Gates, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural Ingle and Gates, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change minimum intersection angle
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Urban , 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Urban , 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural , 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Urban , 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Urban , 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural , 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural , 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural , 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural , 2019 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Configure an intersection with automobile and tram traffic for 'hook turns'
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.62 38
  Angle
  All Urban Currie and Reynolds, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.24 76
  Head on
  All Urban Currie and Reynolds, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.56 -56
  Rear end
  All Urban Currie and Reynolds, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 4.98 -398
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Currie and Reynolds, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  All
  All Urban Currie and Reynolds, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.61 39
  Angle
  All Urban Currie and Reynolds, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  Head on
  All Urban Currie and Reynolds, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Rear end
  All Urban Currie and Reynolds, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  All
  All Urban Currie and Reynolds, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Head on
  All Urban Currie and Reynolds, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  All
  All Urban Currie and Reynolds, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 4.24 -324
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Currie and Reynolds, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Conversion of intersection into high-speed roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.59 41
  All
  All All Bagley, D.L., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.21 79
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Bagley, D.L., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.04 96
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Bagley, D.L., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.17 83
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Bagley, D.L., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.38 62
  Other
  All All Bagley, D.L., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  All
  All All Bagley, D.L., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.57 43
  All
  All All Bagley, D.L., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.21 79
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Bagley, D.L., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.15 85
  Other
  All All Bagley, D.L., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  Other
  All All Bagley, D.L., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Bagley, D.L., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.05 95
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Bagley, D.L., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.659 34.13
  All
  All All Qin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.506 49.38
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Qin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Conversion of intersection into low-speed roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.473 52.73
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Qin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.099 -9.94
  All
  All All Qin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Conversion of intersection into multi-lane roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.367 63.28
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Qin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.062 -6.23
  All
  All All Qin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.29 -129
  All
  All Not specified Zhang and Wang, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  All
  All Not specified Zhang and Wang, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  All
  All Not specified Zhang and Wang, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  All Not specified Zhang and Wang, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.06 -206
  All
  All Not specified Zhang and Wang, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Conversion of intersection into single-lane roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.41 59
  All
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.52 48
  All
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 47
  All
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  Other
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  Other
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.38 62
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.02 -102
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.33 -133
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.48 -48
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.36 64
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.98 -98
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Other
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Other
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Other
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.61 39
  Other
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.25 -125
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.19 81
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.42 58
  Other
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.52 48
  Other
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.48 52
  Other
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  Other
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.67 -167
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.39 -239
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.89 -189
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 47
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.33 -133
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  Other
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Other
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  Other
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.39 61
  Other
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.39 61
  Other
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Other
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.62 -162
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.2 -20
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.53 -53
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.48 -48
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Other
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.44 56
  Other
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.57 43
  Other
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.44 -44
  Other
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.44 -44
  Other
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Other
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  All
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  All
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  All
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.34 -34
  All
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  All
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  All
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  All
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  All
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.03 -103
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.73 -173
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.88 -88
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.24 -124
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.75 -75
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Rural Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Other
  All All Jensen, S. U., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 35.98
  All
  All All Qin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.818 18.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Qin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  All
  All Not specified Zhang and Wang, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  All
  All Not specified Zhang and Wang, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  All
  All Not specified Zhang and Wang, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  All
  All Not specified Zhang and Wang, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  All
  All Not specified Zhang and Wang, 2017 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Conversion of intersection to roundabout

CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
1.346 -34.6
All
All All , 2011 Partial access control[read more]
0.583 41.7
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All , 2011 Partial access control[read more]
0.488 51.2
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All , 2011 Partial access control[read more]
1.002 -0.2
All
All All , 2011 Partial access control[read more]

	0.465	53.5		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Boris Claros, Erynn Schroeder, Kentin Brummett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2022	Partial access control[read more]

0.309 69.1
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Gbologah et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.313 68.7
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) All Gbologah et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.433 56.7
All
All All Gbologah et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.439 56.1
All
All All Gbologah et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.405 59.5
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Gbologah et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.403 59.7
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Gbologah et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.549 45.1
All
All All Gbologah et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.495 50.5
All
All All Gbologah et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.503 49.7
All
All All Gbologah et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.467 53.3
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Gbologah et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.512 48.8
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Gbologah et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.509 49.1
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Gbologah et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.391 60.9
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Gbologah et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.642 35.8
All
All All Gbologah et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.613 38.7
All
All All Gbologah et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.623 37.7
All
All All Gbologah et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.16 84
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Mamlouk and Souliman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.89 11
All
B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Mamlouk and Souliman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.33 67
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Mamlouk and Souliman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
1.67 -67
All
O (property damage only) Urban Mamlouk and Souliman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
1.6 -60
All
O (property damage only) Urban Mamlouk and Souliman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
1.55 -55
All
All Urban Mamlouk and Souliman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.42 58
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Mamlouk and Souliman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.64 36
All
B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Mamlouk and Souliman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.96 4
All
O (property damage only) Urban Mamlouk and Souliman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.93 7
All
B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Mamlouk and Souliman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.82 18
All
All Urban Mamlouk and Souliman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
1.02 -2
All
O (property damage only) Urban Mamlouk and Souliman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.56 44
All
B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Mamlouk and Souliman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
0.37 63
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Mamlouk and Souliman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
1.62 -62
All
All Urban Mamlouk and Souliman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
1.307 -30.7
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Boris Claros, Erynn Schroeder, Kentin Brummett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
0.962 3.8
All
All Not specified Boris Claros, Erynn Schroeder, Kentin Brummett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2022 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Conversion of no control/yield intersection into single- or multi-lane roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0 100
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Qin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.242 -24.18
  All
  All All Qin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Conversion of signal-controlled intersection to roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.975 -97.5
  All
  All All , 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All , 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.783 21.7
  All
  All All , 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.801 19.9
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All , 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Conversion of signalized intersection into single- or multi-lane roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.92 -92
  All
  All Not specified Russo et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  All
  All Urban and suburban Gross et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.65 35
  All
  All Urban Persaud et al., 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.26 74
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Persaud et al., 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Gross et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  All Urban and suburban Gross et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.29 71
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Gross et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.16 -16
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Russo et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.035 -3.5
  All
  All Not specified Hu et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.659 34.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Hu et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.132 -13.2
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Hu et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.955 4.54
  All
  All All Qin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.348 65.21
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Qin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Conversion of stop-controlled intersection into multi-lane roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.95 5
  All
  All Urban Persaud et al., 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 6.016 -501.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Hu et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.073 -107.3
  All
  All Not specified Hu et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.004 99.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Hu et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Conversion of stop-controlled intersection into single-lane roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.28 72
  All
  All Urban Persaud et al., 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.42 58
  All
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.12 88
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Persaud et al., 2001 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.18 82
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Persaud et al., 2001 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Conversion of stop-controlled intersection to mini roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.8 20
  All
  All All Mishra et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.08 -8
  All
  O (property damage only) All Mishra et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.39 61
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Mishra et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Conversion of stop-controlled intersection to roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.581 41.9
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All , 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.095 -9.5
  All
  All All , 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.117 -11.7
  All
  All All , 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.558 44.2
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All , 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.419 58.1
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All , 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.247 -24.7
  All
  All All , 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.026 -2.6
  All
  All All , 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.636 36.4
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All , 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.29 71
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.38 62
  All
  All Not specified Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Conversion of two-way stop-controlled intersection into single- or multi-lane roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.65 35.03
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Qin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.751 24.89
  All
  All All Qin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert a conventional signalized intersection to a continuous flow intersection (CFI)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.877 12.3
  All
  All Not specified Zlatkovic, M., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert a conventional signalized intersection to a signalized superstreet
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.85 15
  All
  All Suburban Hummer & Rao, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Hummer & Rao, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert a conventional unsignalized intersection to an unsignalized superstreet
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.41 59
  Left turn
  All Rural Hummer et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  All
  All Rural Hummer et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.37 63
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hummer et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.25 75
  Angle,Right turn
  All Rural Hummer et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Other
  All Rural Hummer et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Rear end
  All Rural Hummer et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Sideswipe
  All Rural Hummer et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  All
  All Rural Inman and Haas, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert a T intersection into a continuous green T intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.958 4.2
  All
  All Wood and Donnell, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.846 15.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Wood and Donnell, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Angle,Rear end,Sideswipe
  All Wood and Donnell, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert all-way, stop-controlled intersection to mini roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  3.25 -225
  All
  All All Mishra et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.83 -283
  All
  O (property damage only) All Mishra et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.74 -74
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Mishra et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert all-way, stop-controlled intersection to roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.03 -3
  All
  All All Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.544 45.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Qin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.114 -11.36
  All
  All All Qin et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert four-leg intersection into two three-leg intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.35 -35
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  All
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  All
  B (minor injury),O (property damage only) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.28 72
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.47 53
  All
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Not specified
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 2 -100
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  All
  K (fatal) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.4 60
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.57 43
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.43 57
  All
  All All Rodegerdts et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert high-speed rural intersection (3 leg) to roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.74 26
  All
  All Rural Isebrands, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.28 72
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Isebrands, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert high-speed rural intersection (4 leg) to roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.11 89
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Isebrands, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.32 68
  All
  All Rural Isebrands, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.12 88
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Isebrands, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.26 74
  All
  All Rural Isebrands, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.41 -41
  All
  All Rural Isebrands, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.4 60
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Isebrands, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert high-speed rural intersection to roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.13 87
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Isebrands, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.33 67
  All
  All Rural Isebrands, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.17 83
  Angle
  All Rural Isebrands, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.09 91
  Angle
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Isebrands, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  Rear end
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Isebrands, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Rear end
  All Rural Isebrands, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 4.66 -366
  Fixed object
  All Rural Isebrands, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.79 -179
  Sideswipe
  All Rural Isebrands, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert intersection to displaced left turn intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.244 -24.4
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Abdelrahman et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.112 -11.2
  All
  All Urban and suburban Abdelrahman et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.224 -22.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Abdelrahman et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.069 -6.9
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Abdelrahman et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.519 -51.9
  Single vehicle
  All Urban and suburban Abdelrahman et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.612 38.8
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Abdelrahman et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.946 5.4
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Abdelrahman et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.713 28.7
  Head on
  All Urban and suburban Abdelrahman et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.967 3.3
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Abdelrahman et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert intersection to median U-turn (MUT) intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.5984
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6108 38.92
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.38 -38
  Single vehicle
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6835 31.65
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.1719 82.81
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5258 47.42
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.633 36.7
  All
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7732 22.68
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7548 24.52
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5158 48.42
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6508 34.92
  All
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7175 28.25
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7029 29.71
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6296 37.04
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.4447 -44.47
  Single vehicle
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.1788 82.12
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.1269 87.31
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.9576 -95.76
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9155 8.45
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.3942 60.58
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.2559 74.41
  Head on
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.2432 -124.32
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.2167 78.33
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.3342 66.58
  Head on
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.394 60.6
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1316 -13.16
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.2337 -23.37
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9361 6.39
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Al-Omari et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.438 56.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Jonathan Kay, Timothy J. Gates, Peter T. Savolainen, and Md Shakir Mahmud, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.686 31.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Jonathan Kay, Timothy J. Gates, Peter T. Savolainen, and Md Shakir Mahmud, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.325 -32.5
  All
  O (property damage only) Jonathan Kay, Timothy J. Gates, Peter T. Savolainen, and Md Shakir Mahmud, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.656 34.4
  All
  K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Kay et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.684 31.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Kay et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert intersection to roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.56 44
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Elvik, R., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.28 72
  All
  K (fatal) Not specified Elvik, R., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.35 65
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Schoon and van Minnen, 1994 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  All
  O (property damage only) Schoon and van Minnen, 1994 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.27 73
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Schoon and van Minnen, 1994 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.27 73
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Schoon and van Minnen, 1994 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert intersection with minor-road stop control to modern roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.56 44
  All
  All All Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.18 82
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.29 71
  All
  All Rural Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.13 87
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  All
  All Urban Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.19 81
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.61 39
  All
  All Urban Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.22 78
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  All
  All Suburban Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.22 78
  All
  All Suburban Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  All
  All Suburban Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.29 71
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.22 78
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.32 68
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.28 72
  All
  All Urban and suburban Sun et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  All Urban Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert signalized intersection to modern roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.79 21
  All
  All Urban and suburban Gross et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.34 66
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Gross et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  All
  All Suburban Gross et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  All Urban and suburban Gross et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.445 55.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.37 63
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.759 24.1
  All
  All Urban and suburban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.338 66.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.259 74.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.288 71.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.809 19.1
  All
  All Urban and suburban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.342 65.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.792 20.8
  All
  All Urban and suburban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.576 42.4
  All
  All Suburban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.451 54.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.735 26.5
  All
  All Urban and suburban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.066 -6.6
  All
  All Urban and suburban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.34 66
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Gross et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  All
  All Urban and suburban Gross et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.26 74
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Gross et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  All
  All Urban Gross et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Gross et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.37 63
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Gross et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.4 60
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.33 67
  All
  All Suburban Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.52 48
  All
  All All Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.22 78
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified De Brabander and Vereeck, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  A (serious injury) Not specified De Brabander and Vereeck, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  All
  B (minor injury) Not specified De Brabander and Vereeck, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  All
  All Urban Rodegerdts et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.625 37.5
  All
  All Rural Uddin, Headrick, and Sullivan, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.4 60
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Uddin, Headrick, and Sullivan, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert signalized intersection to multi-lane roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  3.333 -233.3
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban , 2018 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert to roundabout

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.61	39		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	De Brabander and Vereeck, 2007	Partial access control[read more]

1.27 -27
Vehicle/bicycle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Daniels et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.48 -48
Vehicle/bicycle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Daniels et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.44 -44
Vehicle/bicycle
K (fatal),A (serious injury) All Daniels et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.21 -21
Vehicle/bicycle
K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Daniels et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.01 -1
Vehicle/bicycle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Daniels et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.77 -77
Vehicle/bicycle
K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Daniels et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
0.83 17
All
A (serious injury) Not specified De Brabander and Vereeck, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
0.62 38
All
B (minor injury) Not specified De Brabander and Vereeck, 2007 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert traffic signals to unconventional median U-turns
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.132 -13.2
  All
  All Urban Leila Azizi and Abdolreza Sheikholeslami, 2013 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert unsignalized intersection to roundabout

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.56	44		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	De Brabander and Vereeck, 2007	Partial access control[read more]

0.8 20
All
A (serious injury) Not specified De Brabander and Vereeck, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
0.54 46
All
B (minor injury) Not specified De Brabander and Vereeck, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
0.87 13
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Improve angle of channelized right turn lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.558 44.2
  All
  All Not specified Schattler and Hanson, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.411 58.9
  Other
  All Not specified Schattler and Hanson, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.397 60.3
  Right turn,Other
  All Not specified Schattler and Hanson, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.564 43.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Schattler and Hanson, 2016 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install J-Turn intersection

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.7	30		All	All	Not specified	Boris Claros, Erynn Schroeder, Kentin Brummett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2022	Partial access control[read more]

	0.288	71.2		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Boris Claros, Erynn Schroeder, Kentin Brummett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2022	Partial access control[read more]

0.652 34.8
All
All Rural Edara et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
0.57 43
All
O (property damage only) Rural Edara et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
0.463 53.7
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Edara et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
0.5 50
All
B (minor injury) Rural Edara et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
0.14 86
All
A (serious injury) Rural Edara et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
K (fatal) Rural Edara et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
0.2 80
Angle
All Rural Edara et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
Left turn
All Rural Edara et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
0.412 58.8
Other
All Rural Edara et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
0.412 58.8
Rear end
All Rural Edara et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
0.958 4.2
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Boris Claros, Erynn Schroeder, Kentin Brummett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
2 -100
Other
All Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
0.712 28.8
Multiple vehicle
All Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
K (fatal) Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
0.333 66.7
All
Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
1 0
All
Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
1.364 -36.4
All
O (property damage only) Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
0.226 77.4
Angle
All Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
1.714 -71.4
Rear end
All Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
3.67 -267
Run off road
All Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
2 -100
Head on,Sideswipe
All Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
1.333 -33.3
Other
All Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
0.687 31.3
Multiple vehicle
All Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
0.6 40
Left turn
All Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
0.219 78.1
Angle
All Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
0.877 12.3
All
All Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
K (fatal) Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
0.333 66.7
All
Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
0.364 63.6
All
Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
0.941 5.9
All
Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
1.314 -31.4
All
O (property damage only) Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
0.849 15.1
All
All Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
1.25 -25
Rear end
All Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
1.462 -46.2
Run off road
All Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
1.083 -8.3
Head on,Sideswipe
All Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
1 0
Left turn
All Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
1.143 -14.3
Other
All Leuer and Fleming, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
0.47 53.17
Single vehicle
All Rural Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.62 37.56
Rear end
All Rural Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.39 60.57
All
All Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.85 15.5
All
K (fatal) Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.2 80.12
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.63 36.63
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
Angle
All Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
Angle
All Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
Angle
All Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.63 36.63
Rear end
All Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.41 -40.83
Angle
All Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.85 15.5
Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Sideswipe
All Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.27 -26.75
Angle
All Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.85 15.5
Single vehicle
All Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.67 -66.67
Angle
All Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.5 50.48
All
All Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
K (fatal) Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.81 18.97
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.36 63.64
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.08 92.12
Angle
All Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
Angle
All Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.32 68.49
Angle
All Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.57 43.28
Angle
All Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.95 5.46
Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Sideswipe
All Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.42 -41.81
Single vehicle
All Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.91 9.09
Angle
All Not specified Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.3 69.86
All
All Suburban Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
K (fatal) Suburban Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.49 51.03
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.28 72.02
All
O (property damage only) Suburban Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
Angle
All Suburban Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
Angle
All Suburban Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
Angle
All Suburban Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.96 -95.89
Angle
All Suburban Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Sideswipe
All Suburban Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.98 2.05
Single vehicle
All Suburban Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.36 63.64
Angle
All Suburban Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.25 75.02
All
O (property damage only) Rural Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
Angle
All Rural Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
Angle
All Rural Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
Angle
All Rural Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Head on
All Rural Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
K (fatal) Rural Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.08 92.43
All
All Rural Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hochstein et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install left-turn lane at signalized intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.555 44.5
  Rear end
  All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.566 43.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.799 20.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.744 25.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.412 58.8
  Rear end
  All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.494 50.6
  Rear end
  All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.748 25.2
  All
  All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.876 12.4
  All
  All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.924 7.6
  All
  All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Other
  All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.879 12.1
  Other
  All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.916 8.4
  Other
  All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.086 -8.6
  Other
  All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.016 -1.6
  Other
  All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.046 -4.6
  Other
  All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install Offset Left-Turn Lanes and Flashing Yellow Arrow (FYA) Signals
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.7 30
  All
  All Not specified Biswas et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.57 43
  Left turn
  All Not specified Biswas et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install single lane roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.213 78.7
  All
  All Fortuijn, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.319 68.1
  All
  All Fortuijn, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install Texas U-Turn (Texas Turnaround)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.763 23.7
  All
  All Not specified Dixon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.014 -101.4
  All
  All Not specified Dixon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.011 -1.1
  All
  All Not specified Dixon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.913 8.7
  All
  All Not specified Dixon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.736 26.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Not specified Dixon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.836 16.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Not specified Dixon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.938 6.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Not specified Dixon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.987 1.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Not specified Dixon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.983 1.7
  All
  All Not specified Dixon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install turbo roundabout
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.239 76.1
  All
  All Fortuijn, 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Category: Intersection traffic control (1175)

Subcategory: Turn prohibitions/permissions (23)

Countermeasure: Permit right-turn-on-red
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.1 -10
  Right turn
  O (property damage only) Not Specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.6 -60
  Right turn
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not Specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.43 -43
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Not specified Preusser et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.08 -108
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Not specified Preusser et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.81 -81
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Preusser et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.82 -82
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Preusser et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.73 -73
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Preusser et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.57 -57
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Not specified Preusser et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.8 -80
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Preusser et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.43 -43
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Not specified Preusser et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.07 -107
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Not specified Preusser et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.81 -81
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Not specified Preusser et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.82 -82
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Preusser et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.73 -73
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Preusser et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.8 -80
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Not specified Preusser et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.57 -57
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Not specified Preusser et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  All
  All Not specified Clark et al., 1983 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.69 -69
  Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Not specified Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Prohibit left-turns and U-turns with "No Left Turn" and "No U-Turn" signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.23 77
  Left turn,Other
  All Urban and Suburban Brich and Cottrell, 1994 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.28 72
  All
  All Urban and Suburban Brich and Cottrell, 1994 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Prohibit left-turns with "No Left Turn" sign
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.32 68
  All
  All Urban and Suburban Brich and Cottrell, 1994 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.36 64
  Left turn
  All Urban and Suburban Brich and Cottrell, 1994 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Prohibit right-turn-on-red

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)			Angle,Cross median,Day time,Dry weather,Fixed object,Head on,Left turn,Multiple vehicle,Nighttime,Non-intersection,Parking related,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Speed related,Truck related,Vehicle/animal,Wet road	All		Various, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Traffic control visibility (199)
- Countermeasure: Add 3-inch yellow retroreflective sheeting to signal backplates
  - 0.85 15
    All
    All Urban Sayed et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Add additional signal and upgrade to 12-inch lenses
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.69 31
    All
    All Urban Morena et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.83 17
    All
    All Urban Morena et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Add centerline and STOP bar, replace 24-inch with 30-inch stop signs
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.33 67
    Angle
    All Urban Polanis, 1999 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Add signal (additional primary head)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.72 28
    All
    All Urban Felipe et al., 1998 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.83 17
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Felipe et al., 1998 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.69 31
    All
    O (property damage only) Urban Felipe et al., 1998 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.72 28
    Rear end
    All Urban Felipe et al., 1998 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.65 35
    Angle
    All Urban Felipe et al., 1998 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Implement systemic signing and marking improvements at stop-controlled intersections
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.917 8.3
    All
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.899 10.1
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.933 6.7
    Rear end
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.941 5.9
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.853 14.7
    Nighttime
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.066 -6.6
    All
    All Urban Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.748 25.2
    All
    All Rural Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.095 -9.5
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.734 26.6
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.806 19.4
    Nighttime
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.811 18.9
    Rear end
    All Rural Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.916 8.4
    Nighttime
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.833 16.7
    Angle
    All Rural Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.902 9.8
    All
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.718 28.2
    Nighttime
    All Rural Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.958 4.2
    All
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.854 14.6
    All
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.862 13.8
    Rear end
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.811 18.9
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.828 17.2
    Nighttime
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.902 9.8
    Nighttime
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.836 16.4
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.919 8.1
    Rear end
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.902 9.8
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.78 22
    Nighttime
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.879 12.1
    All
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.814 18.6
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.925 7.5
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.779 22.1
    Nighttime
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.854 14.6
    All
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.816 18.4
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.875 12.5
    Rear end
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.892 10.8
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.854 14.6
    All
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.878 12.2
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.838 16.2
    Rear end
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.78 22
    Nighttime
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.979 2.1
    Nighttime
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.97 3
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.924 7.6
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.006 -0.6
    Rear end
    All Urban Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.025 -2.5
    Angle
    All Urban Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.013 -1.3
    Nighttime
    All Urban Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.962 3.8
    Rear end
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.977 2.3
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.956 4.4
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.949 5.1
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.96 4
    All
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.013 -1.3
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.94 6
    Rear end
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.99 1
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.948 5.2
    Rear end
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.003 -0.3
    All
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.082 -8.2
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.982 1.8
    Rear end
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Implement systemic signing and visibility improvements at signalized intersections
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.955 4.5
    All
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.893 10.7
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.974 2.6
    Rear end
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.883 11.7
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.969 3.1
    Nighttime
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.949 5.1
    All
    All Urban Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.854 14.6
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.884 11.6
    Angle
    All Urban Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.86 14
    All
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.822 17.8
    Rear end
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.908 9.2
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.881 11.9
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.784 21.6
    All
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.756 24.4
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.654 34.6
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.911 8.9
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.917 8.3
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.846 15.4
    All
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.829 17.1
    Rear end
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.732 26.8
    All
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.509 49.1
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.928 7.2
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.794 20.6
    Rear end
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.104 -10.4
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.809 19.1
    Nighttime
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.819 18.1
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.833 16.7
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.128 -12.8
    Nighttime
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.746 25.4
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.895 10.5
    Rear end
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.914 8.6
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.998 0.2
    All
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.926 7.4
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.011 -1.1
    Rear end
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.958 4.2
    Nighttime
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.974 2.6
    Nighttime
    All Urban Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.895 10.5
    Angle
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.044 -4.4
    Nighttime
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.972 2.8
    All
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.983 1.7
    All
    All Rural Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1 0
    Rear end
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.054 -5.4
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.955 4.5
    Nighttime
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.06 -6
    Rear end
    All Rural Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.878 12.2
    Angle
    All Rural Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.866 13.4
    Rear end
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.938 6.2
    Nighttime
    All Rural Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.884 11.6
    Nighttime
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.978 2.2
    All
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.96 4
    Rear end
    All Urban Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.988 1.2
    Rear end
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.81 19
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.98 2
    Nighttime
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.901 9.9
    All
    All All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.771 22.9
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Le et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Improve signal visibility
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.79 21
    All
    O (property damage only) Urban El-Basyouny and Sayed, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.71 29
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban El-Basyouny and Sayed, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Improve signal visibility, including signal lens size upgrade, installation of new back-plates, addition of reflective tapes to existing back-plates, and installation of additional signal heads
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.867 13.3
    Nighttime
    O (property damage only) Urban El-Basyouny et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.901 9.9
    Day time
    O (property damage only) Urban El-Basyouny et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.902 9.8
    Nighttime
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban El-Basyouny et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.004 -0.4
    Day time
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban El-Basyouny et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Improve visibility of signal heads
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.93 7
    All
    All Urban Sayed et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.97 3
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Sayed et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.91 9
    All
    O (property damage only) Urban Sayed et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.94 6
    All
    All Urban Sayed et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.93 7
    Nighttime
    All Urban Sayed et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Increase retroreflectivity of STOP signs
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.924 7.6
    Angle
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.825 17.5
    Rear end
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.909 9.1
    All
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.906 9.4
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.946 5.4
    All
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.058 -5.8
    Angle
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.097 -9.7
    Rear end
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.934 6.6
    All
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.032 -3.2
    All
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.94 6
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.002 -0.2
    All
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.012 -1.2
    Angle
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.022 -2.2
    Rear end
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.956 4.4
    All
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.001 -0.1
    All
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.933 6.7
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.988 1.2
    All
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.863 13.7
    All
    All Urban Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.02 -2
    All
    All Rural Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.841 15.9
    All
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.053 -5.3
    All
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.022 -2.2
    All
    All Urban Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.846 15.4
    All
    All Rural Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.959 4.1
    All
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.737 26.3
    All
    All Urban Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.769 23.1
    All
    All Rural Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.857 14.3
    All
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.051 -5.1
    All
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.751 24.9
    All
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.034 -3.4
    All
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.116 -11.6
    All
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1 0.05
    All
    All Urban Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.937 6.3
    All
    All Rural Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.898 10.2
    All
    All Rural Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.044 -4.4
    All
    All All Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.002 -0.2
    All
    All Rural Persaud et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install double stop signs
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.45 55
    Angle
    All Urban Polanis, 1999 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install dual red signal lenses
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.05 -5
    Angle
    All Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.18 -18
    All
    All Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install dynamic signal warning flashers
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.82 18
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.745 25.5
    Angle
    All All Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.792 20.8
    Rear end
    All All Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.814 18.6
    All
    All All Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.956 4.4
    Truck related
    All All Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install flashing beacons as advance warning
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.64 36
    Rear end
    All All Morena et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.38 62
    Angle
    All All Morena et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install larger signal lenses (12 inch)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.54 46
    Angle
    All Urban Polanis, 1999 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Installation of an actuated advance warning dilemma zone protection system at high-speed signalized intersections
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.564 43.6
    Angle
    All Not specified Appiah et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.918 8.2
    All
    All Not specified Appiah et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.995 0.5
    Truck related
    All Not specified Appiah et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.887 11.3
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Appiah et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.988 1.2
    Rear end
    All Not specified Appiah et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Provide flashing beacons at stop controlled intersections
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.95 5
    All
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.9 10
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.88 12
    Angle
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.42 58
    Angle
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.87 13
    Angle
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.84 16
    Angle
    All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.87 13
    Angle
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.92 8
    Rear end
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.87 13
    Angle
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.86 14
    Angle
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.88 12
    Angle
    All Suburban Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.12 -12
    Angle
    All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.72 28
    Angle
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Replace 8-inch red signal heads with 12-inch
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.58 42
    Angle
    All Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.97 3
    All
    All Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Replace standard stop sign with flashing LED stop sign
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.585 41.5
    Angle
    All Not specified Davis et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.59 41.1
    Angle
    All Not specified Hui Xiong and Gary Davis, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Subcategory: Traffic control type (336)
- Countermeasure: Change number of all-way stop intersections from X to Y
  - F(x) F(x)
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Ukkusuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Change number of signalized intersections from X to Y
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    F(x) F(x)
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Ukkusuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Change traffic signal spacing from X to Y signals per mile
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    F(x) F(x)
    All
    All Urban Schultz et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    Angle
    All Urban Schultz et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert from yield signal control to signalized control
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.7 30
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.77 23
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.49 51
    Angle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.76 24
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.8 20
    Vehicle/bicycle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.79 21
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.64 36
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.79 21
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.61 39
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.25 75
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.52 48
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.59 41
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.66 34
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.72 28
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.45 55
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.62 38
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.71 29
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.76 24
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.34 -34
    Single vehicle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.83 17
    Single vehicle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 2.06 -106
    Single vehicle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0 100
    Single vehicle
    All Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.37 -37
    Head on,Rear end
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.9 -90
    Head on,Rear end
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.01 -1
    Head on,Rear end
    All Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.34 -34
    Left turn,Right turn
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.98 2
    Left turn,Right turn
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.65 -65
    Left turn,Right turn
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.48 -48
    Left turn,Right turn
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.16 84
    Angle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.81 19
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.74 26
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.81 19
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.97 3
    Single vehicle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.03 -3
    Single vehicle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.93 7
    Single vehicle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.89 11
    Head on,Rear end
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.83 17
    Head on,Rear end
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.01 -1
    Left turn,Right turn
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1 0
    Left turn,Right turn
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.01 -1
    Left turn,Right turn
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.56 44
    Angle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.04 -4
    Vehicle/bicycle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.72 28
    Angle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.76 24
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.77 23
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.75 25
    Angle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.03 -3
    Vehicle/bicycle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.7 30
    Vehicle/bicycle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.46 54
    Angle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.68 32
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.72 28
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.68 32
    Angle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.79 21
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.77 23
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.68 32
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.67 33
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.69 31
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.81 19
    Vehicle/bicycle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.7 30
    Vehicle/bicycle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.62 38
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.65 35
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.62 38
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.87 13
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.85 15
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.03 -3
    Head on,Rear end
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.86 14
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.25 75
    Angle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.14 86
    Angle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0 100
    Angle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.84 16
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.71 29
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.94 6
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0 100
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.7 30
    Vehicle/bicycle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.86 14
    Vehicle/bicycle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.59 41
    Vehicle/bicycle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 3.21 -221
    Vehicle/bicycle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.74 26
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.46 54
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.91 9
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0 100
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.5 50
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.65 35
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.48 52
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.14 86
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.9 10
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.8 20
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.87 13
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1 0
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.99 1
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.89 11
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.82 18
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.93 7
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.97 3
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.92 8
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.96 4
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.84 16
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.75 25
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.12 -12
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.27 -27
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.85 15
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.8 20
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.84 16
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.92 8
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.11 -11
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.98 2
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.96 4
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.06 -6
    All
    All Not specified Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.92 8
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.95 5
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.71 29
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.97 3
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.99 1
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.06 -6
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.88 12
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.76 24
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.82 18
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1 0
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.97 3
    All
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.97 3
    Single vehicle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.03 -3
    Single vehicle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.92 8
    Single vehicle
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.82 18
    Head on,Rear end
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.9 10
    Head on,Rear end
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.79 21
    Head on,Rear end
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.9 10
    Left turn,Right turn
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.01 -1
    Left turn,Right turn
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.82 18
    Left turn,Right turn
    All Urban Jensen, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert minor-road stop control to all-way stop control
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.3 70
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Lovell and Hauer, 1986 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.57 43
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Lovell and Hauer, 1986 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.25 75
    Angle
    All Urban Lovell and Hauer, 1986 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.71 29
    Angle
    All Urban Lovell and Hauer, 1986 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.82 18
    Rear end
    All Urban Lovell and Hauer, 1986 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.247 75.3
    Angle,Head on,Left turn,Right turn
    All All Simpson and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.23 77
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Simpson and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.319 68.1
    All
    All All Simpson and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.855 14.5
    Angle
    All All Simpson and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.81 19
    All
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.86 14
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.7 30
    All
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.68 32
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.36 64
    All
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.26 74
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.46 -46
    All
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.78 22
    All
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.68 -68
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.51 49
    All
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.44 56
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.22 78
    All
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.25 75
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.69 31
    All
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.61 39
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.17 83
    Angle
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.25 -25
    Right turn
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.78 22
    Left turn
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.37 -37
    Sideswipe
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 5.24 -424
    Other
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 2.37 -137
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.29 -29
    Vehicle/bicycle
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.64 36
    All
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.58 42
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.1 -10
    All
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.65 -65
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.57 43
    All
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.46 54
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.08 -8
    All
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.99 -99
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.03 -3
    Rear end
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.56 44
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.4 60
    All
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.32 68
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.43 57
    All
    All Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.4 60
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Deng et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.52 48
    All
    All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.2 80
    Angle
    All Urban Polanis, 1999 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert stop control to yield control
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    2.27 -127
    All
    All Urban and Suburban McGee and Blankenship, 1989 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert two-way (with flashing beacons) to all-way stop control (with flashing beacons)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.198 80.2
    All
    All All Simpson and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.135 86.5
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Simpson and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.156 84.4
    Angle,Head on,Left turn,Right turn
    All All Simpson and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.667 33.3
    Angle
    All All Simpson and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert two-way (without flashing beacons) to all-way stop control (with flashing beacons)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.183 81.7
    All
    All All Simpson and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.134 86.6
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Simpson and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.601 39.9
    Angle
    All All Simpson and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.143 85.7
    Angle,Head on,Left turn,Right turn
    All All Simpson and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert two-way (without flashing beacons) to all-way stop control (without flashing beacons)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.299 70.1
    Angle,Head on,Left turn,Right turn
    All All Simpson and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.393 60.7
    All
    All All Simpson and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.276 72.4
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Simpson and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.943 5.7
    Angle
    All All Simpson and Hummer, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install a stop sign on both minor approaches of an unsignalized intersection
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.4 -40
    All
    All Not specified Haleem et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.78 22
    All
    All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install a traffic signal
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.33 67
    Angle
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban McGee et al., 2003 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.56 44
    All
    All Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.23 77
    Angle
    All Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.4 60
    Left turn
    All Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.58 -58
    Rear end
    All Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.86 14
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban McGee et al., 2003 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.77 23
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban McGee et al., 2003 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.38 -38
    Rear end
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban McGee et al., 2003 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.84 16
    All
    All Urban and suburban Sacchia et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.782 21.8
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Sacchia et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.67 33
    Angle
    All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.45 55
    Left turn
    All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.61 39
    All
    All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.46 54
    Angle
    All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.5 50
    Left turn
    All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.642 35.8
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.586 -58.6
    Rear end
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.427 -42.7
    Rear end
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.413 58.7
    Other
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.42 58
    Other
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.492 50.8
    Other
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.415 58.5
    Other
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.426 57.4
    Other
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.46 54
    Other
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.601 39.9
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.716 28.4
    All
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.614 38.6
    All
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.639 36.1
    All
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    Rear end
    All Rural Yue et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    Rear end
    All Rural Yue et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    O (property damage only) Rural Yue et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    O (property damage only) Rural Yue et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    Rear end
    All Rural Yue et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    O (property damage only) Rural Yue et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    O (property damage only) Rural Yue et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    Rear end
    All Rural Yue et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    Rear end
    All Rural Yue et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    O (property damage only) Rural Yue et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    Rear end
    All Rural Yue et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    Angle
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Yue et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    Angle
    All Rural Yue et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Yue et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    Angle
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Yue et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Yue et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    Rear end
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Yue et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x)
    Rear end
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Yue et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.803 19.7
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.198 -19.8
    Rear end
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.95 -95
    Rear end
    All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.7 30
    Angle
    All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.58 -58
    Rear end
    All Wang et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.258 -25.8
    Rear end
    All Wang et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.734 -73.4
    Rear end
    All Wang et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.356 64.4
    Angle,Left turn
    All Wang et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.575 42.5
    Angle,Left turn
    All Wang et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.284 71.6
    Angle,Left turn
    All Wang et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.362 63.8
    Angle,Left turn
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Wang et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.147 -14.7
    Rear end
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Wang et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.898 10.2
    All
    O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Sacchia et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.66 34
    Angle
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban McGee et al., 2003 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.5 -50
    Rear end
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban McGee et al., 2003 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.65 35
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.684 31.6
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.76 24
    All
    All Not specified Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.768 23.2
    All
    All Not specified Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.656 34.4
    All
    All Not specified Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.604 39.6
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.502 49.8
    All
    All Not specified Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.119 -11.9
    All
    All Not specified Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.184 -18.4
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.791 20.9
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.402 59.8
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.36 -36
    All
    All Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.33 -33
    Left turn
    All Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.43 57
    Head on
    All Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 2.16 -116
    Rear end
    All Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.15 -15
    Sideswipe
    All Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.43 -43
    All
    All Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 2.18 -118
    Rear end
    Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.1 -10
    All
    All Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.63 -63
    All
    All Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.42 -42
    All
    Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.63
    Left turn
    Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.42 58
    Head on
    Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.23 -23
    Sideswipe
    Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.52 -52
    All
    Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.14 -14
    All
    Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.71 -71
    All
    Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.56 44
    All
    Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.5 50
    All
    Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.66 34
    Left turn
    All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.71 29
    Rear end
    All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 2.26 -126
    Rear end
    All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.87 13
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.51 49
    Angle,Head on,Left turn,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Sideswipe
    All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.12 -12
    Vehicle/pedestrian
    All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.62 38
    Angle
    All All Pernia et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.5 50
    Angle
    All All Pernia et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.85 15
    All
    All Rural Pernia et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.62 38
    All
    K (fatal) All Pernia et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.48 -48
    Rear end
    All All Pernia et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.71 29
    Angle
    All All Pernia et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.83 17
    All
    All Urban Pernia et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.15 -15
    All
    O (property damage only) All Pernia et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.16 -16
    All
    Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.52 48
    Left turn
    Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.64 36
    Head on
    Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.35 -35
    Rear end
    Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.64 36
    Sideswipe
    Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.94 6
    All
    Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.62 38
    All
    Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.58 42
    All
    Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.15 -15
    All
    All Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install a traffic signal (major road speed limit at least 40 mph)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.33 67
    Angle
    All Urban Davis and Aul, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 2.43 -143
    Rear end
    All Urban Davis and Aul, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.95 5
    All
    All Urban Davis and Aul, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install a traffic signal and left turn lanes
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.541 45.9
    All
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.569 43.1
    All
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.561 43.9
    All
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.465 53.5
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.484 51.6
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.387 61.3
    Other
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.711 28.9
    Rear end
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.55 45
    Other
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.505 49.5
    Rear end
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.424 57.6
    Other
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.448 55.2
    Other
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.487 51.3
    Other
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.365 63.5
    Other
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.48 52
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.892 10.8
    Rear end
    All All Srinivasan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install additional signal head (to have one over each approach lane)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.54 46
    Angle
    All Urban McGee et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install left turn flashing yellow arrow signals and supplemental traffic signs
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.857 14.3
    Left turn
    All Urban Schattler et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.901 9.87
    Other
    All Urban Schattler et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install stop sign at highway-rail crossing
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    F(x) F(x)
    Not specified
    All Not specified Millegan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
  - F(x) F(x)
    Not specified
    All Not specified Millegan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.68 32
    Not specified
    All Not specified Millegan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install stop sign on minor approach of an unsignalized intersection
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.18 -18
    All
    All Not specified Haleem et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install stop signs at alternate intersections in residential areas
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.45 54.8
    All
    All Urban Sayed et al., 2006 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.28 72.3
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Sayed et al., 2006 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install two-way stop controlled intersections at uncontrolled intersections
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.489 51.1
    All
    All Urban and suburban El-Basyouny and Sayed, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Signal phasing or timing (543)

Countermeasure: Add all-red clearance interval (from 0 to 1 second)
- 1 0
  Angle
  All Urban Polanis, 1999 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Add exclusive pedestrian phasing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.65 35
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  All Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Add flashing green to signalized intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.77 23
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Valencia-Alaix et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Adjust All-Red Clearance Interval

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.6	40		Angle,Head on,Sideswipe	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)		Fitch et al., 2011	Partial access control[read more]

0.8 20
Angle,Head on,Sideswipe
All Not specified Fitch et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change difference between actual and ITE-recommended red clearance interval from X to Y seconds at diamond interchange ramps
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Wang et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Rear end
  All Wang et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Angle
  All Wang et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change difference between actual and ITE-recommended yellow change interval from X to Y seconds at diamond interchange ramps
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Rear end
  All Wang et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Wang et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Angle
  All Wang et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change from 5-section "doghouse" protected/permissive left turn to flashing red arrow protected/permissive left turn
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.53 47
  Left turn
  All Not specified Rao et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  Left turn
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Rao et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Rao et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  All Not specified Rao et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change from 5-section "doghouse" protected/permissive left turn to flashing yellow arrow protected/permissive left turn

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.853	14.7		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Simpson and Troy, 2015	Partial access control[read more]

0.747 25.3
Left turn
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Simpson and Troy, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
0.838 16.2
Left turn
All Not specified Simpson and Troy, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
0.934 6.6
All
All Not specified Simpson and Troy, 2015 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change from permissive only to flashing yellow arrow permissive only

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.349	65.1		Left turn	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Simpson and Troy, 2015	Partial access control[read more]

0.498 50.2
Left turn
All Not specified Simpson and Troy, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
0.689 31.1
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Simpson and Troy, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
0.892 10.8
All
All Not specified Simpson and Troy, 2015 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change from permissive only to flashing yellow arrow protected/permissive left turn
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.598 40.2
  Left turn
  All Not specified Simpson and Troy, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.935 6.5
  All
  All Not specified Simpson and Troy, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.654 34.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Simpson and Troy, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.592 40.8
  Left turn
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Simpson and Troy, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change from permissive to protected
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.94 6
  All
  All Not specified Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change from permissive to protected/permissive or permissive/protected phasing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.99 1
  All
  All All Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  All
  All Urban Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change from permitted or permitted-protected to protected
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.01 99
  Angle
  All Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  All
  All Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change from permitted to protected on minor approach
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.01 99
  Angle
  All Urban Davis and Aul, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 18
  all
  All Urban Davis and Aul, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change from permitted-protected to protected on major approach
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.01 99
  Angle
  All Urban Davis and Aul, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  All
  All Urban Davis and Aul, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change from permitted-protected to protected on minor approach
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.99 1
  all
  All Urban Davis and Aul, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.04 97
  Angle
  All Urban Davis and Aul, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change from protected only to flashing yellow arrow protected/permissive left turn
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  3.428 -242.8
  Left turn
  All Not specified Shea and Medina, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.124 -12.4
  All
  All Not specified Simpson and Troy, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.206 -20.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Simpson and Troy, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.684 -268.4
  Left turn
  All Not specified Simpson and Troy, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 4.778 -377.8
  Left turn
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Simpson and Troy, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change from protected only to flashing yellow arrow protected/permissive left turn with time of day operation
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.901 9.9
  All
  All Not specified Simpson and Troy, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.371 -137.1
  Left turn
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Simpson and Troy, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.732 -173.2
  Left turn
  All Not specified Simpson and Troy, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.926 7.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Simpson and Troy, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change from protected-permissive to flashing yellow arrow protected-permissive on approach
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.9778 2.22
  Left turn
  All Not specified Shea and Medina, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change from protected/permitted to protected only left turn signal control during special time-of-day (left turn crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.58 41.5
  All
  All Urban Ozmen et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change left turn phasing consistency from 27.3% to 9.1%
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.976 2.4
  All
  All Qi et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.935 6.5
  Angle
  All Qi et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change left turn phasing consistency from 31.6% to 27.3%
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.989 1.1
  Angle
  All Qi et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.922 7.8
  All
  All Qi et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change left turn phasing consistency from 61.9% to 31.6%
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.691 30.9
  All
  All Qi et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.642 35.8
  Angle
  All Qi et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change left-turn phase from permissive to protected/permissive or permissive/protected phasing on one or more approaches
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.84 16
  Left turn
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change left-turn phase to protected phasing on one or more approaches
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.78 22
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.01 99
  Left turn
  All Urban Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  All Urban Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change number of traffic signal cycles per hour on arterial with signal coordination from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Wei and Tarko, 2011 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change permissive left-turn phasing to protected only

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.44	56		Angle,Head on,Left turn,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Sideswipe	All	Urban	Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012	Partial access control[read more]

0.45 55
All
All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.23 77
Left turn
All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.49 51
Rear end
All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
0.36 64
Head on,Sideswipe
All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change permissive left-turn phasing to protected only or protected/permissive
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.672 32.8
  Other
  All Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.106 -10.6
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.025 -2.5
  Other
  All Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.951 4.9
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.942 5.8
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.136 -13.6
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.031 -3.1
  Other
  All Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.718 28.2
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.788 21.2
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.091 -9.1
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.023 -2.3
  Other
  All Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  All
  All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  Left turn
  All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.59 41
  Rear end
  All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  Angle,Head on,Left turn,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Sideswipe
  All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.36 64
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change permissive left-turn phasing to protected/permissive
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.862 13.8
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.075 -7.5
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.031 -3.1
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.962 3.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.958 4.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.031 -3.1
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.962 3.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.862 13.8
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.075 -7.5
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.033 -3.3
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.858 14.2
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.063 -6.3
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.865 13.5
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.236 -23.6
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.015 -1.5
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  Left turn
  All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  Angle,Head on,Left turn,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Sideswipe
  All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  Rear end
  All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.37 63
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  All
  All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  All
  All Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.55 -55
  Left turn
  All Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.22 78
  Head on
  All Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.29 -29
  Rear end
  All Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.41 -41
  Sideswipe
  All Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.61 -61
  Left turn
  Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.21 79
  Head on
  Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.32 -32
  Rear end
  Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.38 -38
  Sideswipe
  Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.19 -19
  All
  Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.28 -28
  All
  All Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  All
  All Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  All
  All Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.24 -24
  All
  All Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.33 -33
  All
  Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  All
  Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  All
  Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.26 -26
  All
  Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  All
  Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Left turn
  Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.42 58
  Head on
  Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Rear end
  Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.13 87
  Sideswipe
  Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  All
  Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  All
  Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  All
  Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  All
  Not specified Schultz et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change permitted to protected/permitted or permitted/protected
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.045 -4.5
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Angle
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Changed permitted to permitted/protected on minor approach
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.73 27
  Angle
  Not specified Urban Davis and Aul, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Changing left turn phasing from at least one permissive approach to flashing yellow arrow (FYA)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.635 36.5
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.753 24.7
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Changing left turn phasing from permissive on one leg and protected-permissive on another leg to flashing yellow arrow (FYA)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.827 17.3
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.058 -5.8
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.638 36.2
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.586 41.4
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.911 8.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Changing left turn phasing from permissive to flashing yellow arrow (FYA)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.529 47.1
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.404 59.6
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.389 61.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.467 53.3
  All
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.527 47.3
  Left turn
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.195 80.5
  Other
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.448 55.2
  Other
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.401 59.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 47
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.023 -2.3
  Rear end
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Changing left turn phasing from protected to flashing yellow arrow (FYA)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.338 -33.8
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.242 -124.2
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.043 -104.3
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.509 -50.9
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.073 -107.3
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.187 -18.7
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.479 -47.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.752 -75.2
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.683 -168.3
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.696 -269.6
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.305 69.5
  Rear end
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.142 85.8
  Other
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.162 -16.2
  Other
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.767 23.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.272 72.8
  Other
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.816 18.4
  All
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.445 -44.5
  Left turn
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.613 38.7
  Other
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.683 31.7
  Other
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.305 69.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.094 -9.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.902 9.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.076 -7.6
  All
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.424 -42.4
  Left turn
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.003 -0.3
  Other
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.356 -35.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.866 13.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.011 -1.1
  All
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.21 -21
  Left turn
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.447 55.3
  Rear end
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.37 63
  Other
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.959 4.1
  Other
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.508 49.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.934 6.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.146 -14.6
  All
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.795 20.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.241 -24.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.06 -206
  Rear end
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.247 -24.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.052 -5.2
  Left turn
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.115 -11.5
  Rear end
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.343
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Changing left turn phasing from protected-permissive to flashing yellow arrow (FYA)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.7 30
  Angle
  All All Appiah et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Appiah et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  All All Appiah et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  All Urban and suburban Zhang et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Left turn
  All Urban and suburban Zhang et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Zhang et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  All
  K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Zhang et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  Left turn
  All Urban and suburban Zhang et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.65 35
  All
  K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Zhang et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Left turn
  All Urban and suburban Zhang et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.61 39
  All
  K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Zhang et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.65 35
  Left turn
  All Urban and suburban Zhang et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  All
  K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Zhang et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.52 48
  Left turn
  All Urban and suburban Zhang et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  All
  K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Zhang et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  Left turn
  All Urban and suburban Zhang et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.4 60
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Zhang et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.34 -34
  Left turn
  All Urban and suburban Zhang et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.922 7.8
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.806 19.4
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.838 16.2
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.762 23.8
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.563 43.7
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.954 4.6
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.752 24.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.344 -34.4
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.082 -8.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.593 40.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.762 23.8
  All
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.743 25.7
  Other
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.071 -7.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.577 42.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.792 20.8
  Left turn
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.722 27.8
  Other
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.817 18.3
  Left turn
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.883 11.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.868 13.2
  Rear end
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.979 2.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.907 9.3
  Rear end
  All All Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Changing left turn phasing on more than one approach from permissive to protected-permissive
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.762 23.8
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.878 12.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.958 4.2
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.914 8.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.787 21.3
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.023 -2.3
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.057 -5.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.834 16.6
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.261 -26.1
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.021 -2.1
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.945 5.5
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Changing left turn phasing on one approach from permissive to protected-permissive
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.081 -8.1
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.094 -9.4
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.925 7.5
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.085 -8.5
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.091 -9.1
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.005 -0.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.815 18.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.928 7.2
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.128 -12.8
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.919 8.1
  Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.985 1.5
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert continuous green T-intersections to conventional T-intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.665 33.5
  All
  All Urban and suburban Lee et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.508 49.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Lee et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.747 25.3
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Lee et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.528 47.2
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Lee et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.569 43.1
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Lee et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Lee et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.959 4.1
  Single vehicle
  All Urban and suburban Lee et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.501 -150.1
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Lee et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase all red clearance interval
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.798 20.2
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.863 13.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.804 19.6
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.966 3.4
  Angle
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase length of signal phases to allow pedestrians more crossing time
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.49 51
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  All
  All Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase total change interval (greater than ITE recommended practice)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.643 35.7
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.922 7.8
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.937 6.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.068 -6.8
  Angle
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase total change interval (remains less than ITE recommended practice)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.662	33.8		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Partial access control[read more]

0.728 27.2
All
All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
0.84 16
Angle
All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
0.848 15.2
Rear end
All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase yellow change interval
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.14 -14.1
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.934 6.6
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.076 -7.6
  Angle
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase yellow interval and add all red interval
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.99 1
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.12 -11.7
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.961 3.9
  Angle
  All Urban Srinivasan, et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install adaptive traffic signal control
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.071 -7.1
  All
  All Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  All
  All Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.148 -14.8
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.175 -17.5
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.091 -9.1
  All
  All Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.843 15.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.127 -12.7
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.097 -9.7
  All
  All Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.055 -5.5
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.948 5.2
  All
  All Alluri et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.878 12.2
  Rear end
  All Alluri et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.958 4.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Alluri et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.943 5.7
  All
  O (property damage only) Alluri et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.078 -7.8
  All
  All Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.142 -14.2
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.878 12.2
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Kodi et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.958 4.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Kodi et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.943 5.7
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Kodi et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.948 5.2
  All
  All Urban and suburban Kodi et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.807 19.3
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Fink et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Gayah and Donnell, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.977 2.3
  All
  All Gayah and Donnell, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.979 2.1
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Kodi et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.036 -3.6
  All
  All Gayah and Donnell, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.999 0.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Gayah and Donnell, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.025 -2.5
  All
  All Gayah and Donnell, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.682 31.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Angle
  All Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.732 26.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.426 57.4
  Angle
  All Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.606 39.4
  Rear end
  All Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.533 46.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.502 49.8
  All
  All Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.08 92
  Angle
  All Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Gayah and Donnell, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.047 -4.7
  All
  All Gayah and Donnell, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Gayah and Donnell, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.012 -1.2
  All
  All Gayah and Donnell, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Gayah and Donnell, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.042 -4.2
  All
  All Gayah and Donnell, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.961 3.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Gayah and Donnell, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.904 9.6
  All
  All Gayah and Donnell, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.776 22.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Gayah and Donnell, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.678 32.2
  All
  All Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.583 41.7
  Angle
  All Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.589 41.1
  All
  All Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.263 73.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.998 0.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.986 1.4
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.993 0.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.031 -3.1
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.998 0.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.991 0.9
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.987 1.3
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.994 0.6
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.011 -1.1
  All
  All Urban and suburban Tang et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.019 -1.9
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.207 -20.7
  Angle
  All Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Rear end
  All Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.604 39.6
  Angle
  All Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.642 35.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.867 13.3
  All
  All Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  All
  All Urban Osorio, J. and R. Benekohal., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Osorio, J. and R. Benekohal., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Osorio, J. and R. Benekohal., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  All
  All Urban Osorio, J. and R. Benekohal., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Osorio, J. and R. Benekohal., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.09 -9
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Osorio, J. and R. Benekohal., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Urban Osorio, J. and R. Benekohal., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  B (minor injury) Urban Osorio, J. and R. Benekohal., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban and suburban Khattak et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Khattak et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Khattak et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban and suburban Khattak et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Khattak et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban and suburban Khattak et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.2 80
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban and suburban Khattak et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.22 78
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Khattak et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban and suburban Khattak et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban and suburban Khattak et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Khattak et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban and suburban Khattak et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Khattak et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Khattak et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Khattak et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban and suburban Khattak et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Khattak et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Ma et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  All
  All Urban and suburban Ma et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  All
  All Urban and suburban Ma et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Ma et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.996 0.4
  All
  All Urban and suburban Ma et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Ma et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban and suburban Khattak et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.2396 -23.96
  Angle
  All Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  All
  All Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.105 -10.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.953 4.7
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.028 -2.8
  Angle
  All Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  Rear end
  All Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9398 6.02
  Rear end
  All Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.045 -4.5
  All
  All Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.039 -3.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.022 -2.2
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.003 -0.3
  Rear end
  All Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.0421 -4.21
  All
  All Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.0326 -3.26
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.0274 -2.74
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.837 16.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.833 16.7
  Rear end
  All Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.108 -10.8
  Angle
  All Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.171 -17.1
  Rear end
  All Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.197 -19.7
  All
  All Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.032 -3.2
  Rear end
  All Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.935 6.5
  All
  All Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.844 15.6
  Angle
  All Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.004 -0.4
  Rear end
  All Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.954 4.6
  All
  All Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.162 -16.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.966 3.4
  Rear end
  All Not specified Jin et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install Dynamic All-Red Extension (DARE)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.68 32
  Other
  All Rural Simpson, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.44 -144
  Other
  All Rural Simpson, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Other
  All Rural Simpson, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install flashing yellow arrow
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.047 -4.7
  Left turn
  All Urban Schattler et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.975 2.5
  Other
  All Urban Schattler et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Not specified Van Houten et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install pedestrian countdown timer
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Kitali et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Kitali et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Kitali et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Rear end
  All Kitali et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.921 7.9
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.875 12.5
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Rear end
  All Kitali et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.929 7.1
  All
  O (property damage only) Kitali et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.912 8.8
  All
  All Kitali et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.954 4.6
  Angle
  All Kitali et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.952 4.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Kitali et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.988 1.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.027 -2.7
  Angle
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.912 8.8
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Boateng et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  All
  All Not specified Boateng et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Boateng et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Boateng et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  All
  All Not specified Boateng et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Boateng et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  All
  All Not specified Boateng et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Boateng et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Boateng et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.48 52
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Kwigizile et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Not specified Van Houten et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Not specified Van Houten et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.968 3.2
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal) Urban A. Camden, R. Buliung, L. Rothman, C. Macarthur, and A. Howard, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.984 1.6
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  A (serious injury) Urban A. Camden, R. Buliung, L. Rothman, C. Macarthur, and A. Howard, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.026 -2.6
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  B (minor injury) Urban A. Camden, R. Buliung, L. Rothman, C. Macarthur, and A. Howard, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.838 16.2
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  O (property damage only) Urban A. Camden, R. Buliung, L. Rothman, C. Macarthur, and A. Howard, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.014 -1.4
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban A. Camden, R. Buliung, L. Rothman, C. Macarthur, and A. Howard, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.038 -3.8
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban A. Camden, R. Buliung, L. Rothman, C. Macarthur, and A. Howard, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.967 3.3
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban A. Camden, R. Buliung, L. Rothman, C. Macarthur, and A. Howard, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.943 5.7
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban A. Camden, R. Buliung, L. Rothman, C. Macarthur, and A. Howard, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.042 -4.2
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban A. Camden, R. Buliung, L. Rothman, C. Macarthur, and A. Howard, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.941 5.9
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban A. Camden, R. Buliung, L. Rothman, C. Macarthur, and A. Howard, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Other
  All Not specified Kwigizile et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Lag-lag to lead-lag left turn phasing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.33 66.7
  Angle
  All Qi et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Lag-lag to lead-lead left turn phasing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.31 68.5
  Angle
  All Qi et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Lead-lead to lag-lag, protected-only left-turn phasing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  2.16 -116
  Angle
  All Qi et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Lead-lead to lead-lag, protected-only left turn phasing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.69 31.3
  Angle
  All Qi et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Lead-lead to lead-lag, protected/permissive left turn phasing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.57 -57
  Angle
  All Qi et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Leading protected to lagging protected exclusive left-turn operations
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.15 -15
  All
  All Not specified Lee et al., 1991 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.49 -49
  Angle
  All Not specified Lee et al., 1991 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Left turn phase improvement

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.85	15		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	El-Basyouny and Sayed, 2011	Partial access control[read more]

0.96 4
All
O (property damage only) Urban El-Basyouny and Sayed, 2011 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Modify change plus clearance interval to ITE 1985 Proposed Recommended Practice

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.08	-8		Rear end	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not Specified	Retting, R.A. and Chapline, J.F., 2002	Partial access control[read more]

1.06 -6
Angle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not Specified Retting, R.A. and Chapline, J.F., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
0.63 37
Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not Specified Retting, R.A. and Chapline, J.F., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
0.63 37
Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Not Specified Retting, R.A. and Chapline, J.F., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
0.92 8
All
All Not Specified Retting, R.A. and Chapline, J.F., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
1.12 -12
Rear end
All Not Specified Retting, R.A. and Chapline, J.F., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
0.96 4
Angle
All Not Specified Retting, R.A. and Chapline, J.F., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
0.88 12
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not Specified Retting, R.A. and Chapline, J.F., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
0.82 18
All
All Urban Morena et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
0.59 41
Not specified
All Urban Morena et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Modify night-time flash operation period
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.88 12
  All
  All Murphy, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Head on
  All Murphy, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Murphy, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Modify signal phasing (implement a leading pedestrian interval)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.81 19
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban and suburban Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  All
  All Urban and suburban Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban and suburban Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  All
  All Urban and suburban Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  All
  All Urban and suburban Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban and suburban Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  All
  All Urban and suburban Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  All Urban and suburban Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban and suburban Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban and suburban Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  All
  All Urban and suburban Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.09 -9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.413 58.7
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Fayish and Gross, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban and suburban Goughnour et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Protected / Permitted to Permitted / Protected
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.87 13
  All
  All Not specified Lee et al., 1991 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Protected to protected/permissive left-turn operations
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.1 -10
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Hauer, E., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.65 -65
  Angle
  All Not specified Hauer, E., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Rear end
  All Not specified Hauer, E., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Not specified
  All Not specified Hauer, E., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Protected/permissive to permissive/protected left-turn operations
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.67 33
  Angle
  All Not specified Lee et al., 1991 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Protected/permissive to protected-only left turn phasing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0 100
  Angle
  All Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Angle
  All Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  All
  All Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.367 -36.7
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Asaduzzaman et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  Left turn
  All Urban Asaduzzaman et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.001 -0.1
  All
  All Urban Asaduzzaman et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.567 43.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Asaduzzaman et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.452 54.8
  Left turn
  O (property damage only) Md Asaduzzaman, Raju Thapa, and Julius A. Codjoe, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.239 76.1
  Left turn
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Md Asaduzzaman, Raju Thapa, and Julius A. Codjoe, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.745 25.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Md Asaduzzaman, Raju Thapa, and Julius A. Codjoe, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.906 9.4
  All
  All Md Asaduzzaman, Raju Thapa, and Julius A. Codjoe, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.981 1.9
  All
  O (property damage only) Md Asaduzzaman, Raju Thapa, and Julius A. Codjoe, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.334 66.6
  Left turn
  All Md Asaduzzaman, Raju Thapa, and Julius A. Codjoe, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.309 69.1
  Left turn
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Asaduzzaman et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.096 -9.6
  Left turn
  O (property damage only) Urban Asaduzzaman et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50.2
  Angle
  All Qi et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50.2
  Angle
  All Qi et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide protected left-turn phase
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.69 31
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Raihan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide split phases
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.61 39
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.44 56
  Angle,Head on,Left turn,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Sideswipe
  All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  All
  All Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Replace Night-Time Flash with Steady Operation
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.65 35
  Nighttime
  All Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  Angle,Nighttime
  All Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.52 48
  Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Head on
  All Murphy, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  All Murphy, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.52 48
  All
  All All Lan and Srinivasan, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.47 53
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Lan and Srinivasan, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.43 57
  Angle,Head on,Left turn,Sideswipe
  All All Lan and Srinivasan, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Murphy, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.25 75
  Angle
  All Urban Polanis, 1999 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Replace permissive with protected
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.021 97.9
  Angle
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.975 2.5
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Other (74)

Countermeasure: Convert signal from pedestal-mounted to mast arm
- 0.71 29
  All
  All McGee et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  All
  All Rodegerdts et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  All McGee et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Rodegerdts et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.49 51
  All
  O (property damage only) All Rodegerdts et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  Angle
  All All Rodegerdts et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.59 41
  Rear end
  All All Rodegerdts et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.26 74
  Angle
  All All Rodegerdts et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.37 63
  Angle
  All McGee et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert signal from span wire to mast arm
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.99 1
  All
  All All Khattak and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  All
  All Urban and suburban Khattak and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.2 -20
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Khattak and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Khattak and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  Rear end
  All All Khattak and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Angle
  All All Khattak and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Angle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Khattak and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Khattak and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  All
  All All Khattak and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Khattak and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  All
  All Urban and suburban Khattak and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.09 -9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Khattak and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Coordinate arterial signals
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.79 21
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  All
  All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.42 58
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.42 58
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  All
  All Suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.63 -163
  All
  O (property damage only) Suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  All
  All Suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  All Urban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.25 -25
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.38 62
  All
  All Suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.33
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.41 59
  All
  O (property damage only) Suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.48 52
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  O (property damage only) Suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.25 -25
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.24 -124
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  All
  All Suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  O (property damage only) Suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of channelizing separator islands on side road approaches with supplemental STOP signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.32 68
  All
  All Rural Hughes et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.26 74
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hughes et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.26 74
  Angle
  All Rural Hughes et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Rear end
  All Rural Hughes et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Left-turn signal strategies
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.731 26.9
  Left turn
  All All Islam et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.769 23.1
  Left turn
  All All Islam et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.342 65.8
  Left turn
  All All Islam et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.607 39.3
  Left turn
  All All Islam et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.575 42.5
  Left turn
  All All Islam et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.657 34.3
  Left turn
  All All Islam et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.073 -7.3
  Left turn
  All All Islam et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Provide Advanced Dilemma Zone Detection for rural high speed approaches

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.61	39		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Zimmerman and Bonneson, 2006	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Remove unwarranted signal (one-lane, one-way streets, excluding major arterials)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.76 24
  Angle,Left turn,Right turn
  All Urban Persaud et al., 1997 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  All Not specified Persaud et al., 1997 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Persaud et al., 1997 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Rear end
  All Urban Persaud et al., 1997 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Replace existing WALK / DON'T WALK signals with pedestrian countdown signal heads

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.75	25		Vehicle/pedestrian	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Markowitz et al., 2006	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Replace Incandescent Traffic Signal Bulbs with Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.926 7.4
  Nighttime
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.828 17.2
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.091 -9.1
  Angle,Head on,Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.827 17.3
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.959 4.1
  Angle,Head on,Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.042 -4.2
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.17 -17
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.016 -1.6
  Angle,Head on,Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.105 -10.5
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.109 -10.9
  Nighttime
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.122 -12.2
  Nighttime
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.177 -17.7
  Rear end
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.982 1.8
  All
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.047 -4.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.078 -7.8
  Angle,Head on,Left turn
  All Urban Srinivasan et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.035 -3.5
  Nighttime
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Srinivasan et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.71 -71
  All
  All Urban Eustace et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.47 -47
  All
  All Urban N. Jami, S. Ivey, M. Lipinski, M.M. Golias, 2012 Partial access control[read more]

Category: On-street parking (44)
- Subcategory: None (44)
  - Countermeasure: Allow parking on both sides of road
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      0.48 52
      Vehicle/pedestrian
      All Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
    - 2.65 -165
      Vehicle/pedestrian
      All Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Change unrestricted left turn hours during rush hour from X to Y hours
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      F(x) F(x)
      All
      All Urban Sun et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Change unrestricted left turn hours during rush hour from X to Y hours (residential and mixed land use)
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      F(x) F(x)
      All
      All Urban Sun et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Change unrestricted left turn hours during rush hour from X to Y hours (residential areas)
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      F(x) F(x)
      All
      All Urban Sun et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Change unrestricted left turn hours from X to Y hours
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      F(x) F(x)
      All
      All Urban Sun et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Change unrestricted left turn hours from X to Y hours (residental areas)
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      F(x) F(x)
      All
      All Urban Sun et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Change unrestricted left turn hours from X to Y hours (residential and mixed land use)
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      F(x) F(x)
      All
      All Urban Sun et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Change unrestricted parking hours during rush hour from X to Y hours
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      F(x) F(x)
      All
      All Urban Sun et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Change unrestricted parking hours from X to Y hours
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      F(x) F(x)
      All
      All Urban Sun et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
    - F(x) F(x)
      All
      All Urban Sun et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
    - F(x) F(x)
      All
      All Urban Sun et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Convert angle parking to parallel parking
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      0.65 35
      All
      All Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.37 63
      Parking related
      All Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.72 28
      All
      All Urban Hoffman et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.47 53
      All
      All Urban Hoffman et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.43 57
      Parking related
      All Urban Hoffman et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.35 65
      Parking related
      All Urban Hoffman et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.59 41
      All
      K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Hoffman et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.8 20
      All
      K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Hoffman et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Convert free to regulated parking
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      0.94 6
      All
      A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
    - 1.19 -19
      All
      O (property damage only) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Convert parallel parking to angle parking
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      2.11 -111
      All
      All Urban Box, P., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
    - 1.18 -18
      Parking related
      All Urban Box, P., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Implement angle parking in commercial, industrial, or institutional areas
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      F(x)
      All
      All Urban Bonneson et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
    - F(x)
      All
      All Urban Bonneson et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Implement angle parking in residential areas
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      F(x)
      All
      All Urban Bonneson et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
    - F(x)
      All
      All Urban Bonneson et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Implement parallel parking in commercial, industrial, or institutional areas
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      F(x)
      All
      All Urban Bonneson et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
    - F(x)
      All
      All Urban Bonneson et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Implement parallel parking in residential areas
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      F(x)
      All
      All Urban Bonneson et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
    - F(x)
      All
      All Urban Bonneson et al., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Implement time-limited parking restrictions
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      0.89 11
      All
      All Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.21 79
      Parking related
      All Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Mark parking stalls
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      1.51 -51
      All
      All Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
    - 2.28 -128
      Parking related
      All Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Prohibit on-street parking
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      0.8 20
      All
      A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.73 27
      All
      O (property damage only) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.58 42
      All
      All Urban Hoffman et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.65 35
      All
      A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Hoffman et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.52 48
      All
      O (property damage only) Urban Hoffman et al., 1982 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.78 22
      All
      K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.72 28
      All
      O (property damage only) Urban Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Prohibit parking on one side of road
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      1.49 -49
      All
      A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]

Category: Pedestrians (102)

Subcategory: None (102)

Countermeasure: Change number of bus stations from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Ukkusuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change number of bus stops in 50m buffer from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Miranda-Moreno et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change number of subway stations from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Ukkusuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert Pelican crossing or farside pedestrian signal to Puffin crossing

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.81	19		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Maxwell et al., 2011	Partial access control[read more]

	0.84	16		Angle,Cross median,Day time,Dry weather,Fixed object,Head on,Left turn,Nighttime,Parking related,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Speed related,Truck related,Vehicle/bicycle,Wet road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Maxwell et al., 2011	Partial access control[read more]

0.76 24
Vehicle/pedestrian
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Maxwell et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
0.83 17
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Maxwell et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
0.78 22
Vehicle/pedestrian
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Maxwell et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
0.61 39
Vehicle/pedestrian
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Maxwell et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
0.74 26
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Maxwell et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Implement Barnes Dance
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.49 51
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  Angle,Head on,Left turn,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Sideswipe
  All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement Safe Routes to School Program
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.87 13
  Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Guiterrez et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.861 13.9
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Guiterrez et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.839 16.1
  Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Guiterrez et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.884 11.6
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Guiterrez et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.28 -28
  Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Guiterrez et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement Safe Routes to School Program (Age 13-17)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.05 -5
  Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Guiterrez et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement to Safe Routes to School Program (Age 5-12)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.724 27.6
  Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Guiterrez et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase cycle length for pedestrian crossing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.5 50
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Angle,Head on,Left turn,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Sideswipe
  All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install a pedestrian hybrid beacon (PHB or HAWK)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.883 11.7
  All
  All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.808 19.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.878 12.2
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.639 36.1
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.567 43.3
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.828 17.2
  All
  All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.685 31.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.706 29.4
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.552 44.8
  Angle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.778 22.2
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.672 32.8
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.818 18.2
  All
  All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.748 25.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.795 20.5
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.714 28.6
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.543 45.7
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.774 22.6
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.591 40.9
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.755 24.5
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.991 0.9
  Angle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.755 24.5
  Angle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.453 54.7
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban and suburban Zegeer et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.309 69
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick, K., and Park, E.S., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.849 15
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick, K., and Park, E.S., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.712 29
  All
  All Urban and suburban Fitzpatrick, K., and Park, E.S., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install advanced yield or stop markings and signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.8 20
  Rear end,Sideswipe
  All Urban and suburban Zegeer et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban and suburban Zegeer et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.886 11.4
  All
  All Urban and suburban Zegeer et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install crosswalk on one minor approach
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.35 65
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install enhanced RRFB pedestrian crossing at mid-block crossing location
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.93 7
  Rear end
  All All Monsere et al.,, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All All Monsere et al.,, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install high-visibility crosswalk
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.6 40
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Angle,Head on,Left turn,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Sideswipe
  All Urban Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install high-visibility yellow, continental type crosswalks at schools
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.63 37
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Feldman et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install parallelogram-shaped pavement markings on approaches to unsignalized pedestrian crosswalks
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.054 -5.4
  Rear end
  All Urban Guo et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.789 21.1
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Guo et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install pedestrian fencing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.52 48
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  All Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  All
  All Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.18 -18
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Chen et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install pedestrian hybrid beacon (PHB or HAWK) with advanced yield or stop markings and signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.432 56.8
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban and suburban Zegeer et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  All Urban and suburban Zegeer et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.876 12.4
  Rear end,Sideswipe
  All Urban and suburban Zegeer et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install Pedestrian Signals
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Sacchi et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Sacchi et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Urban and suburban Sacchi et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install raised median with marked crosswalk (uncontrolled)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.54 46
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban and Suburban Zegeer et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install raised median with or without marked crosswalk (uncontrolled)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.742 25.8
  All
  All Urban and suburban Zegeer et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.685 31.5
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban and suburban Zegeer et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.722 27.8
  Rear end,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Zegeer et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.714 28.6
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Zegeer et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.741 25.9
  Rear end,Sideswipe
  All Urban and suburban Zegeer et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install raised median with unmarked crosswalk (uncontrolled)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.61 39
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban and Suburban Zegeer et al., 2002 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install raised pedestrian crosswalks

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.64	36		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and Suburban	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Partial access control[read more]

0.55 46
Vehicle/pedestrian
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and Suburban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
0.7 30
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and Suburban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install rectangular rapid flashing beacon (RRFB)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.18 -18
  Other
  All All Amrita Goswamy, Mohamed Abdel-Aty, and Nada Mahmoud, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Amrita Goswamy, Mohamed Abdel-Aty, and Nada Mahmoud, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.27 73
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Amrita Goswamy, Mohamed Abdel-Aty, and Nada Mahmoud, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  Rear end
  All All Amrita Goswamy, Mohamed Abdel-Aty, and Nada Mahmoud, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.14 -14
  All
  All All Amrita Goswamy, Mohamed Abdel-Aty, and Nada Mahmoud, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.31 69
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All All Amrita Goswamy, Mohamed Abdel-Aty, and Nada Mahmoud, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.526 47.4
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban and suburban Zegeer et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install sidewalk
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.598 40.2
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Abou-Senna et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.09 -209
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Raihan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.53 -53
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Raihan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.78 -78
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.87 -87
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.71 -171
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.41 59
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: presence of a pedestrian crosswalk at midblock locations
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.82 18
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban , 2022 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Raised intersections

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.05	-5		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Partial access control[read more]

1.13 -13
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Widen sidewalks at intersections

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.12	-12		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Partial access control[read more]

Category: Railroad grade crossings (46)
- Subcategory: None (46)
  - Countermeasure: Implementing signs and crossbucks at previously unprotected crossings
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      0.75 25
      All
      Not specified Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Install audible devices
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      0.996 0.43
      All
      O (property damage only) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 1 -0.002
      All
      A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 1.003 -0.28
      All
      K (fatal) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.999 0.14
      All
      All Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.99 1.03
      All
      O (property damage only) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 1.008 -0.78
      All
      A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 1 0
      All
      K (fatal) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.998 0.25
      All
      All Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Install automatic gates at crossings that previously had flashing lights and sound signals
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      0.55 45
      All
      All Not Specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Install automatic gates at crossings that previously had passive traffic control
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      0.33 67
      All
      All Not Specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Install flashing lights and sound signals
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      0.5 50
      All
      All Not Specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Install gates
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      1.0083 -0.83
      All
      O (property damage only) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.985 1.52
      All
      O (property damage only) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.999 0.12
      All
      A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 1 0.05
      All
      K (fatal) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 1.007 -0.66
      All
      All Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.992 0.79
      All
      All Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 1.003 -0.28
      All
      K (fatal) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 1.004 -0.45
      All
      A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Install standard flashing lights
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      1.003 -0.28
      All
      K (fatal) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.999 0.14
      All
      All Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 1.003 -0.3
      All
      O (property damage only) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 1.001 -0.09
      All
      K (fatal) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.998 0.18
      All
      All Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.98 1.99
      All
      O (property damage only) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 1.004 -0.45
      All
      A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.994 0.56
      All
      A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Install stop sign at highway-rail crossing
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      1.002 -0.19
      All
      K (fatal) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 1.005 -0.48
      All
      O (property damage only) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 1.004 -0.39
      All
      A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.999 0.09
      All
      K (fatal) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.998 0.16
      All
      All Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.998 0.22
      All
      A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 1.001 -0.14
      All
      O (property damage only) Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
    - 1.011 -1.06
      All
      All Keramati et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Installing gates at crossings with signs
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      0.06 94
      All
      All Not specified Park, Y.-J. and Saccomanno, F.F., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.09 91
      All
      All Not specified Park, Y.-J. and Saccomanno, F.F., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.07 93
      All
      All Not specified Park, Y.-J. and Saccomanno, F.F., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.13 87
      All
      All Not specified Park, Y.-J. and Saccomanno, F.F., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.34 66
      All
      All Not specified Park, Y.-J. and Saccomanno, F.F., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
  - Countermeasure: Upgrade signs to flashing lights
    - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
      0.22 78
      All
      All Not specified Park, Y.-J. and Saccomanno, F.F., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.21 79
      All
      All Not specified Park, Y.-J. and Saccomanno, F.F., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.23 77
      All
      All Not specified Park, Y.-J. and Saccomanno, F.F., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.31 69
      All
      All Not specified Park, Y.-J. and Saccomanno, F.F., 2005 Partial access control[read more]
    - 0.26 74
      All
      All Not specified Park, Y.-J. and Saccomanno, F.F., 2005 Partial access control[read more]

Category: Roadside (555)

Subcategory: Roadside barriers (105)

Countermeasure: Cable Barrier and Guardrail

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.429	57.1		All	All	Not specified	Boris Claros, Erynn Schroeder, Kentin Brummett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2022	Partial access control[read more]

0.468 52
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Boris Claros, Erynn Schroeder, Kentin Brummett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2022 Partial access control[read more]

	0.3	70		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Boris Claros, Erynn Schroeder, Kentin Brummett, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce, 2022	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change barrier along embankment to less rigid type
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.59 41
  Run off road
  K (fatal) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  Run off road
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve guardrail
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.98 2
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Cafiso et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Cafiso et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Cafiso et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install Guardrail (unspecified hazard)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.42 58
  All
  All Rural Jang et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install guiderail
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.092 -9.2
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.845 15.5
  All
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.026 -2.6
  All
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.723 27.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Donnell et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  All
  All Urban Yanmaz-Tuzel and Ozbay, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  All
  All Urban Yanmaz-Tuzel and Ozbay, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install guiderail with delineators
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.855 14.5
  All
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.059 -5.9
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.971 2.9
  All
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.979 2.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Donnell et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install roadside barrier

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.49	51		Run off road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	van Petegem and Wegman, 2014	Partial access control[read more]

0.908 9.2
All
All Choi et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install w-beam guardrail
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.81 19
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  All
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  Run off road
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  Run off road,Other
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.12 -12
  Run off road,Other
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  Run off road,Other
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Run off road,Other
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Dry weather,Run off road
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Dry weather,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Dry weather,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.12 -12
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Run off road,Wet road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  Run off road,Wet road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  Day time,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Day time,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Nighttime,Run off road
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  Nighttime,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 47
  Nighttime,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  Day time,Run off road
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Run off road,Other
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.65 35
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install w-beam guardrail or concrete barrier
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.69 31
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Run off road,Other
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Dry weather,Run off road
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Dry weather,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Dry weather,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Run off road,Wet road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  Run off road,Wet road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Day time,Run off road
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Day time,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Day time,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Nighttime,Run off road
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Nighttime,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Run off road,Other
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  Nighttime,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  Run off road,Other
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Run off road,Other
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  All
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Run off road
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Run off road,Other
  All Not specified Park et. al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: New guardrail along embankment
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.56 44
  Run off road
  K (fatal) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 47
  Run off road
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Run off road
  All Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Protect Side Slopes with Guardrails
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.044 -4.4
  Other
  All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.044 -4.4
  All
  All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.648 35.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.933 6.7
  Other
  All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  All
  All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.607 39.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.524 47.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.046 -4.6
  Other
  All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.975 2.5
  All
  All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Protect Utility Poles with Guardrails
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.892 10.8
  All
  All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5239 47.61
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8172 18.28
  Other
  All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.52 -52
  All
  All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.38 -38
  Other
  All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.433 56.7
  All
  All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Other (61)

Countermeasure: Build and operate travel information centers/rest area
- 0.77 23
  All
  All Not specified Sharif et al.,, 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  All Not specified Sharif et al.,, 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change median from paved to grass
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.7 30
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Raihan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Raihan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change paved median to raised traffic separator
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.27 -27
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Raihan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change proportion of commercial land use to total land use from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Ukkusuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change proportion of industrial land use to total land use from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Ukkusuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change proportion of open land use to total land use from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Ukkusuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change total park area (in 1000 acres) from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Ukkusuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Construct gateway monument (on state-owned road)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.68 32
  All
  All All Ye and Veneziano, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2.2
  All
  All All Ye and Veneziano, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase triangle sight distance
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.29 -29
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.3 -30
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 48
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.44 56
  All
  K (fatal) Rodegerdts et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rodegerdts et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install light-reflecting devices
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.995 0.5
  Vehicle/animal
  All Not specified Brieger et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install snow fencing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.41 59
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Peel et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Peel et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  All Rural Peel et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Other
  All Rural Peel et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Peel et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.38 62
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Peel et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.38 62
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.36 64
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Other
  All Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Other
  All Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Other
  All Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Other
  All Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.52 48
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  Other
  All Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.32 68
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.48 52
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Other
  All Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Other
  All Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Other
  All Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.61 39
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Larson et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install supplemental rest areas

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.89	11		Other	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Jung et al., 2017	Partial access control[read more]

0.62 38
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Jung et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.61 39
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Jung et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.79 21
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Jung et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.86 14
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Jung et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.64 36
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Jung et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Median treatment for ped/bike safety
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.14 86
  Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal) Urban Zhang et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Zhang et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  All Urban Zhang et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.12 -12
  Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Zhang et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Modify roadside hazard rating
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of grass land use
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.95 -95.4
  All
  All Urban Baird et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide non-traversable median
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Rural Li et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Median barriers (194)

Countermeasure: Install any type of median barrier
- 0.57 43
  All
  K (fatal) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.24 -24
  All
  All Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install beam guardrails on median of divided highway
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.13 87
  All
  K (fatal) Not specified Hauer, E., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.18 -18
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Hauer, E., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.4 -40
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Hauer, E., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.22 78
  Cross median
  All Not specified Hauer, E., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install cable median barrier
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.71 29
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.06 94
  Other
  K (fatal) Rural Chimba et al.,, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.08 92
  Other
  Rural Chimba et al.,, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.16 84
  Other
  Rural Chimba et al.,, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.15 85
  Other
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Chimba et al.,, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.15 85
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Chimba et al.,, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.08 92
  Other
  Rural Chimba et al.,, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.261 73.9
  Cross median
  All Eustace, D. and M. Almothaffar., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.196 80.4
  Cross median
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Eustace, D. and M. Almothaffar., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.199 80.1
  Cross median
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Eustace, D. and M. Almothaffar., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.15 85
  Other
  B (minor injury) Bryant, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.12 88
  Other
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Bryant, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.14 86
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Bryant, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  All
  All Bryant, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  All
  K (fatal) Bryant, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Bryant, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  All
  A (serious injury) Bryant, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  All
  B (minor injury) Bryant, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.18 -18
  All
  O (property damage only) Bryant, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Bryant, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Bryant, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  Head on
  All Bryant, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.27 73
  Sideswipe
  All Bryant, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Bryant, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.04 96
  Other
  K (fatal) Bryant, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.09 91
  Other
  A (serious injury) Bryant, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.07 93
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Bryant, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.31 -31
  Other
  All Not specified Zou and Tarko, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.38 62
  Cross median
  K (fatal) Not specified Savolainen et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.08 -108
  Cross median
  O (property damage only) Not specified Savolainen et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Cross median
  B (minor injury) Not specified Savolainen et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Cross median
  A (serious injury) Not specified Savolainen et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  Cross median
  C (possible injury) Not specified Savolainen et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  All
  All Not specified Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.35 65
  Cross median
  All Not specified Olson et al. 2013, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.91 -91
  All
  All Not specified Olson et al. 2013, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.39 61
  All
  A (serious injury) Not specified Olson et al. 2013, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.48 52
  All
  K (fatal) Not specified Olson et al. 2013, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.31 69
  Other
  A (serious injury) Not specified Olson et al. 2013, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.19 81
  Cross median
  A (serious injury) Not specified Olson et al. 2013, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.34 66
  Cross median
  K (fatal) Not specified Olson et al. 2013, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.47 53
  Other
  All Not specified Olson et al. 2013, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  Other
  K (fatal) Not specified Olson et al. 2013, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.59 41
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.55 -55
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.36 64
  Cross median
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Other
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.21 79
  Cross median
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 38
  Cross median
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 38
  Cross median
  O (property damage only) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install cable median barrier (high tension)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.094 -9.4
  All
  All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.205 -20.5
  All
  All Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  All
  K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.111 -11.1
  All
  All Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.209 79.1
  Cross median
  All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.187 -18.7
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.698 -169.8
  Other
  All Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.178 82.2
  Cross median
  All Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.61 39
  All
  K (fatal), A (serious injury) Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.273 -27.3
  All
  O (property damage only) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.063 -6.3
  All
  K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.198 -19.8
  All
  All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.199 80.1
  Cross median
  All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.133 -213.3
  Other
  All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.159 -15.9
  All
  O (property damage only) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  All
  K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.133 -13.3
  All
  All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.617 38.3
  All
  K (fatal), A (serious injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.202 -20.2
  All
  O (property damage only) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.835 -183.5
  Other
  All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.251 -25.1
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.51 -151
  Other
  C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Russo et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.63 -163
  Other
  C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Russo et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.47 53
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Russo et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Russo et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.658 34.2
  All
  K (fatal), A (serious injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.101 89.9
  Cross median
  K (fatal), A (serious injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.022 -2.2
  All
  K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.416 -241.6
  Other
  All Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.29 71
  Cross median
  All Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.139 86.1
  Cross median
  K (fatal), A (serious injury) Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.817 18.3
  All
  K (fatal), A (serious injury) Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.031 -3.1
  All
  K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.308 -130.8
  Other
  All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.189 81.1
  Cross median
  All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.695 30.5
  All
  K (fatal), A (serious injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.108 89.2
  Cross median
  K (fatal), A (serious injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Other
  B (minor injury) Russo et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Other
  B (minor injury) Russo et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.72 -72
  Fixed object,Run off road,Single vehicle
  All Rural Villwock et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.04 96
  Cross median,Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Head on
  All Rural Villwock et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.08 -8
  Rear end,Sideswipe
  All Rural Villwock et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.884 11.6
  Other
  B (minor injury) Alluri, P., K. Hallem, and A. Gan., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.881 -88.1
  Other
  O (property damage only) Alluri, P., K. Hallem, and A. Gan., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.578 42.2
  Other
  K (fatal) Alluri, P., K. Hallem, and A. Gan., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.378 -37.8
  Other
  All Alluri, P., K. Hallem, and A. Gan., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.799 20.1
  Other
  A (serious injury) Alluri, P., K. Hallem, and A. Gan., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install cable median barrier (low or high tension on curve)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.06 94
  Cross median,Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Head on
  All Rural Villwock et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install cable median barrier (low or high tension on tangent)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0 100
  Cross median,Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Head on
  All Rural Villwock et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install cable median barrier (low or high tension)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.83 -83
  Fixed object,Run off road,Single vehicle
  All Rural Villwock et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Rear end,Sideswipe
  All Rural Villwock et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.09 91
  Cross median,Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Head on
  All Rural Villwock et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install cable median barrier (low tension)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.75 25
  Fixed object,Run off road,Single vehicle
  All Rural Villwock et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.87 -87
  Fixed object,Run off road,Single vehicle
  All Rural Villwock et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Rear end,Sideswipe
  All Rural Villwock et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  Rear end,Sideswipe
  All Not specified Villwock et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install concrete guardrail in median

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.15	-15		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Partial access control[read more]

2.68 -168
Other
All Not specified Zou and Tarko, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
Cross median,Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Head on
All Rural Tarko, A.P. et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
2.2 -120
Single vehicle
All Rural Tarko, A.P. et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
0.8 20
Sideswipe
All Rural Tarko, A.P. et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install median barrier
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.14 86
  All
  All All Hovey and Chowdhury, 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.12 88
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Hovey and Chowdhury, 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.226 -22.6
  All
  All Choi et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.27 73
  Cross median
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.31 69
  Cross median
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.38 62
  Cross median,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.31 69
  Cross median,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.17 83
  Cross median,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.11 89
  Cross median,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  Cross median,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.33 67
  Cross median,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.34 66
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.25 -225
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.55 -55
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.77 -277
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.6 -60
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.02 98
  Cross median
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.08 92
  Cross median
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.52 -152
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.04 96
  Cross median
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.5 -50
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.04 96
  Cross median
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.4 -140
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.03 97
  Cross median
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.26 74
  Cross median,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.31 69
  Cross median,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.21 79
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.39 61
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.26 74
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.43 57
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.12 88
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.31 69
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 7.04 -604
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.23 -123
  Fixed object
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 8.2 -720
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.32 -132
  Fixed object
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 5.26 -426
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.13 -113
  Fixed object
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.09 -209
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.28 -128
  Fixed object
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.03 -103
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.57 -57
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.28 -128
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.67 -67
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.72 -72
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.47 -47
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 100
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 100
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 9.92 -892
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.23 -23
  Fixed object
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.4 -40
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 100
  Cross median,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 100
  Cross median,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 100
  Cross median
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 100
  Cross median
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 100
  Cross median
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.08 -8
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.17 -17
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.23 77
  All
  All Rural Jang et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install median barrier (cable)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.08 92
  Head on
  K (fatal) Rural Chandler, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  All
  A (serious injury) Cooner et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.07 93
  All
  K (fatal) Cooner et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install median w-beam guardrail
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.8 -80
  Other
  All Not specified Zou and Tarko, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install steel median barrier
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.65 35
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install wire guardrails between lanes of opposing traffic
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.34 -34
  All
  All Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  All
  K (fatal) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of cable barriers in freeway medians
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.38 62
  Cross median
  All All Olsen et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All Olsen et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Fixed object (16)
- Countermeasure: Change the lateral offset of utility poles
  - F(x) F(x)
    Fixed object
    Not specified Rural El Esawey and Sayed, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Change the longitudinal density of utility poles
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    F(x) F(x)
    Fixed object
    Not specified Rural El Esawey and Sayed, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Increase distance to roadside features from 16.7 ft to 30 ft
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.56 44
    All
    All Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Increase distance to roadside features from 3.3 ft to 16.7 ft
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.78 22
    All
    All Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install crash cushions at fixed roadside features
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.31 69
    Fixed object
    K (fatal) Not Specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.31 69
    Fixed object
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not Specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.54 46
    Fixed object
    O (property damage only) Not Specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Remove or relocate fixed objects outside of clear zone
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.024 97.6
    Fixed object
    All Ogle et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.62 38
    All
    All All Hovey and Chowdhury, 2005 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.62 38
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Hovey and Chowdhury, 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Remove/Relocate Utility Poles
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.8656 13.44
    All
    All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.6555 34.45
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.3375 -33.75
    Other
    All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.8656 13.44
    All
    All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.9007 9.93
    Other
    All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.9892 1.08
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Clear zone (179)

Countermeasure: Change clear zone from greater than or equal to 8m to between 2m and 4m
- 1.6 -60
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Jurewicz and Pyta, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change clear zone from greater than or equal to 8m to between 4m and 8m

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.27	-27		Run off road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Jurewicz and Pyta, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change clear zone from greater than or equal to 8m to less than or equal to 2m

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	2.19	-119		Run off road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Jurewicz and Pyta, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change clear zone width

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.49	-49		Run off road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	van Petegem and Wegman, 2014	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert sideslope from 1V:7H to 1V:2H or steeper
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.18 -18
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert sideslope from 1V:7H to 1V:4H
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.12 -12
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert sideslope from 1V:7H to 1V:5H
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.09 -9
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert sideslope from 1V:7H to 1V:6H
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.05 -5
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Flatten side slopes

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.037	-3.65		Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Graham et al., 2014	Partial access control[read more]

1.291 -29.14
Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.066 -6.6
Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.057 -5.67
Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.976 2.4
Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.947 5.3
Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.051 -5.06
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.9 10.05
Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.876 12.42
Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.097 -9.7
Fixed object
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.858 14.2
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.861 13.88
Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.958 4.16
Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.062 -6.23
Fixed object
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.968 3.19
Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.263 -26.29
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.839 16.08
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.929 7.13
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.915 8.49
Fixed object
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.951 4.87
Fixed object
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.822 17.76
Fixed object
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.818 18.19
Fixed object
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.859 14.15
Fixed object
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.042 -4.22
Fixed object
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.956 4.41
Fixed object
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.969 3.06
Fixed object
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.057 -5.74
Fixed object
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.963 3.75
Fixed object
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.942 5.8
Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.731 -73.1
Cross median
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.832 16.8
Fixed object
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.048 -4.8
Fixed object
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.945 5.5
Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.945 5.5
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.065 -6.5
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.984 1.64
Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.961 3.95
Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.06 -5.98
Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.969 3.12
Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.883 11.72
Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.037 -3.74
Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.369 -36.86
Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.972 2.78
Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.069 -6.91
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.061 -6.11
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.9788 2.12
All
All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.9509 4.91
Other
All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.7432 25.68
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
1.0153 -1.53
All
All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.822 17.8
Other
All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.8699 13.01
Other
All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.7216 27.84
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.936 6.4
All
All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.7844 21.56
Other
All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.6886 31.14
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.9223 7.77
All
All Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.7443 25.57
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Avelar et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
0.834 16.6
Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.953 4.71
Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.89 11.02
Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.938 6.25
Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.943 5.67
Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.318 -31.8
Cross median
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.159 -15.9
Cross median
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.908 9.2
Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.892 10.8
Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.058 -5.8
Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.092 -9.2
Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.115 -11.5
Cross median,Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.124 -12.4
Cross median,Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.577 42.3
Cross median,Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.198 -19.8
Cross median,Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.582 41.8
Cross median
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.968 3.2
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.775 22.5
Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.28 -28
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.137 -13.7
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.153 -15.3
Fixed object
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.551 44.9
Fixed object
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.875 12.47
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.064 -6.38
Fixed object
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.951 4.9
Fixed object
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.613 38.66
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.922 7.79
Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
1.073 -7.28
Fixed object
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.915 8.49
Fixed object
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.955 4.51
Other
All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
0.955 4.52
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Flatten side slopes and remove guardrail
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.58 42
  All
  All All Hovey and Chowdhury, 2005 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Flatten sideslope from 1V:2H to 1V:4H
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.9 10
  Single vehicle
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Flatten sideslope from 1V:2H to 1V:5H
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.91 9
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Single vehicle
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Flatten sideslope from 1V:2H to 1V:6H
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.79 21
  Single vehicle
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Flatten sideslope from 1V:2H to 1V:7H
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.85 15
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  Single vehicle
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Flatten sideslope from 1V:3H to 1V:4H
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.58 42
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Run off road
  All Rural Miaou, S. P., 1996 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Single vehicle
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Flatten sideslope from 1V:3H to 1V:5H
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.86 14
  Single vehicle
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Flatten sideslope from 1V:3H to 1V:6H
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.81 19
  Single vehicle
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Flatten sideslope from 1V:3H to 1V:7H
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.74 26
  Single vehicle
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Flatten sideslope from 1V:4H to 1V:5H
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.94 6
  Single vehicle
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Flatten sideslope from 1V:4H to 1V:6H
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.78 22
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Run off road
  All Rural Miaou, S. P., 1996 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  Single vehicle
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Flatten sideslope from 1V:4H to 1V:7H
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.81 19
  Single vehicle
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Flatten sideslope from 1V:5H to 1V:6H
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.94 6
  Single vehicle
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Flatten sideslope from 1V:5H to 1V:7H
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.86 14
  Single vehicle
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Flatten sideslope from 1V:6H to 1V:7H
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.92 8
  Single vehicle
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Improve sideslope rating from 5 to 1

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.1	90		Run off road,Single vehicle	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Yichuan Peng, Srinivas Reddy Geedipally, and Dominique Lord, 2012	Partial access control[read more]

0.1 90
Run off road,Single vehicle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Yichuan Peng, Srinivas Reddy Geedipally, and Dominique Lord, 2012 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase lateral clearance from 10 to 40 feet

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.68	32		Run off road,Single vehicle	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Yichuan Peng, Srinivas Reddy Geedipally, and Dominique Lord, 2012	Partial access control[read more]

	0.49	51		Run off road,Single vehicle	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Yichuan Peng, Srinivas Reddy Geedipally, and Dominique Lord, 2012	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase Median Width
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.003 -0.27
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.007 -0.7
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.47
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.987 1.27
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.006 -0.62
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -1.98
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.017 -1.71
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.977 2.31
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.963 3.69
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2.01
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.993 0.69
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.986 1.39
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.976 2.38
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.982 1.8
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.46
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.997 0.32
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.963 3.72
  Fixed object
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.985 1.53
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.977 2.33
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.47
  Fixed object
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.966 3.37
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.035 -3.54
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.973 2.73
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.53
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.009 -0.9
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Cross median
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.022 -2.2
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.969 3.1
  Fixed object
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Cross median
  All All Savolainen et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.984 1.6
  Cross median,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.985 1.5
  Cross median,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.978 2.2
  Cross median
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.982 1.8
  Cross median
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.989 1.1
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.991 0.9
  Fixed object
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.984 1.61
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.015 -1.49
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.979 2.06
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 0.96
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.5
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.5
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.993 0.7
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.967 3.31
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.972 2.79
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Category: Roadway (1593)

Subcategory: Winter weather treatment (11)
- Countermeasure: Effects of snow fences and higher state of preparedness for the whole winter season
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.89 11
    All
    All All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.92 8
    All
    All All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Effects of use of salt (chemical de-icing) during the whole winter season (baseline = no salt)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.85 15
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.92 8
    All
    O (property damage only) All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.12 -12
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1 0
    All
    O (property damage only) All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Raise standard by one class for winter maintenance
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.89 11
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.73 27
    All
    O (property damage only) All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Short-term effects of all measures to control snow, slush or ice
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.5 50
    All
    Not specified All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.71 29
    All
    Not specified All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.96 5
    All
    Not specified All Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Roadway rumble strips (314)

Countermeasure: Install centerline and shoulder rumble strips
- 0.558 44.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.758 24.2
  Run off road
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.702 29.8
  Run off road
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.679 32.1
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.812 18.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.613 38.7
  Run off road
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.653 34.7
  All
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.767 23.3
  Sideswipe
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.632 36.8
  Head on
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.742 25.8
  Run off road
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.771 22.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.842 15.8
  All
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.48 52
  Head on
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.891 10.9
  Sideswipe
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.628 37.2
  Sideswipe
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.975 2.5
  All
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.019 -1.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Run off road
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.021 -2.1
  Head on
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.907 9.3
  Sideswipe
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.851 14.9
  Run off road
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.817 18.3
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.506 49.4
  Head on
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  All Rural Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  Other
  All Rural Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Sayed et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21.4
  Cross median,Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Head on,Run off road
  All Sayed et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.463 53.7
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Other
  B (minor injury) Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.675 32.5
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Other
  A (serious injury) Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.486 51.4
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Other
  K (fatal) Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.601 39.9
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Other
  All Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.954 4.6
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Other
  All Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.444 55.6
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Wet road,Other
  All Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.672 32.8
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Other
  All Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.828 17.2
  All
  All Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.643 35.7
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Other
  All Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.648 35.2
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Other
  B (minor injury) Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.715 28.5
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Other
  All Rural Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Galgamuwa and Dissanayake, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural Galgamuwa and Dissanayake, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural Galgamuwa and Dissanayake, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Galgamuwa and Dissanayake, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.384 61.6
  Run off road
  All Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.463 53.7
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.29 71
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.44 56
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.34 66
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.425 57.5
  Head on,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Run off road
  All Rural A. Kubas, P. Kayabas, K. Vachal, and M. Berwick, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.6 -60
  Other
  All Rural A. Kubas, P. Kayabas, K. Vachal, and M. Berwick, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural A. Kubas, P. Kayabas, K. Vachal, and M. Berwick, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.21 -21
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural A. Kubas, P. Kayabas, K. Vachal, and M. Berwick, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  All
  K (fatal) Rural A. Kubas, P. Kayabas, K. Vachal, and M. Berwick, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  All
  All Rural A. Kubas, P. Kayabas, K. Vachal, and M. Berwick, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install centerline rumble strips
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.78 22
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Head on,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Head on,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.831 16.9
  All
  All Rural Sun and Rahman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.668 33.2
  Other
  All Not specified Savolainen et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.708 29.21
  Other
  All Rural Rys et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.328 67.2
  Cross median
  All Rural Rys et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34.05
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Rys et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.65 35
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  All
  All Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  Head on,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.65 35
  Head on,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.36 64
  Head on,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2003 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Persaud et al., 2003 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2003 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  Head on,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Persaud et al., 2003 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29.3
  Cross median,Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Head on,Run off road
  All Rural Sayed et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural Guin et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.646 35.4
  Head on,Multiple vehicle,Sideswipe
  All Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.925 7.5
  All
  All Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.997 0.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.652 34.8
  Head on,Multiple vehicle,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.756 24.4
  Fixed object,Run off road
  All Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.924 7.6
  Fixed object,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  All
  All Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.28 72
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.22 78
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  Head on,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  All
  All Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.48 52
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.48 52
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.2 80
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.23 77
  All
  All Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.35 65
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  All
  All Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.28 72
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.33 67
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  Head on,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.59 41
  All
  All Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.36 64
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.59 41
  All
  All Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.26 74
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.43 57
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.4 60
  All
  All Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.47 53
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.34 66
  All
  All Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.16 84
  All
  All Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.19 81
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.21 79
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.31 69
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.21 79
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.808 19.19
  Run off road
  All Rural Rys et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.607 39.3
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Other
  B (minor injury) Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.986 1.4
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Other
  All Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.838 16.2
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.721 27.9
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Other
  B (minor injury) Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.842 15.8
  All
  All Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.727 27.3
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Other
  All Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.471 52.9
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Wet road,Other
  All Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.572 42.8
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Other
  All Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.712 28.8
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Other
  All Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.558 44.2
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Other
  K (fatal) Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  Angle,Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Other
  A (serious injury) Rural Kay et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.25 75
  Head on,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.16 84
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.27 73
  Head on,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.12 88
  Head on,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.33 67
  Head on,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Ahmed & Ahmed, 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.519 48.12
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.525 47.51
  All
  All Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.492 50.83
  Head on
  All Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.46 53.98
  Wet road
  All Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.441 55.89
  Other
  All Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.562 43.8
  Other
  All Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.537 46.33
  Run off road
  All Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.522 47.81
  Other
  All Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.845 15.53
  Other
  All Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.642 35.78
  Other
  All Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.585 41.49
  All
  All Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.516 48.43
  All
  All Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.518 48.17
  All
  All Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.492 50.83
  All
  All Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.482 51.81
  All
  K (fatal) Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.587 41.35
  All
  A (serious injury) Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.501 49.86
  All
  B (minor injury) Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.541 45.93
  All
  C (possible injury) Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.231 76.92
  Angle
  All Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.5 -50
  Rear end
  All Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.375 -37.5
  Other
  All Rural Datta et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Head on
  A (serious injury) Rural Hirasawa et al., 2006 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Head on
  B (minor injury) Rural Hirasawa et al., 2006 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.32 68
  Head on
  K (fatal) Rural Hirasawa et al., 2006 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  Head on
  All Rural Hirasawa et al., 2006 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install centerline rumble strips (horizontal curves)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.749 25.1
  All
  All Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  Fixed object,Run off road
  All Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.966 3.4
  All
  All Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.903 9.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.999 0.1
  Fixed object,Run off road
  All Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  All
  All Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.905 9.5
  Fixed object,Run off road
  All Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.908 9.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.095 -9.5
  Fixed object,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.832 16.8
  Head on,Multiple vehicle,Sideswipe
  All Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.202 -20.2
  Fixed object,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install centerline rumble strips (tangents)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.836	16.4		Fixed object,Run off road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018	Partial access control[read more]

0.743 25.7
Fixed object,Run off road
All Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.541 45.9
Head on,Multiple vehicle,Sideswipe
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.629 37.1
Head on,Multiple vehicle,Sideswipe
All Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.996 0.4
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.948 5.2
All
All Rural Babiceanu and Fontaine, 2018 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install centerline rumble strips on horizontal curves
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.53 47
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.16 -16
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.48 52
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 47
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.46 -46
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural Galgamuwa and Dissanayake, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Galgamuwa and Dissanayake, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install centerline rumble strips on roads with existing shoulder rumble strips
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.353 64.7
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.554 44.6
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.758 24.2
  Head on,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.758 24.2
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.085 -8.5
  Run off road
  All Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install centerline rumble strips on tangent sections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.51 49
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.57 43
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.33 67
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural Galgamuwa and Dissanayake, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Galgamuwa and Dissanayake, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install edgeline or shoulder rumble strips
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.839 16.1
  Other
  All Not specified Savolainen et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install edgeline rumble strips

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.67	33		Run off road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Torbic et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

0.61 39
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.86 14
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.75 25
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.75 25
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.7 30
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.31 -31
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.08 -8
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.58 42
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.57 43
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.71 29
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install edgeline rumble strips at horizontal curve
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.75 25
  All
  All Rural Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Run off road
  All Rural Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Run off road
  All Rural Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  All Rural Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  All
  All Rural Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  All
  All Rural Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  Run off road
  All Rural Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  Run off road
  All Rural Himes et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  All
  All Pitale et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install edgeline rumble strips on roadways with a shoulder width less than 5 feet

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.96	4		Run off road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Torbic et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

1.1 -10
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.53 47
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.27 -27
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install edgeline rumble strips on roadways with a shoulder width of 5 feet or greater

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.34	66		Run off road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Torbic et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

0.7 30
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.46 54
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.52 48
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.57 43
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.75 25
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.11 -11
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install football shaped centerline rumble strips
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.398 60.22
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Rys et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.331 66.93
  Other
  All Rural Rys et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.097 90.28
  Cross median
  All Rural Rys et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 54.97
  Run off road
  All Rural Rys et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install rectangular shaped centerline rumble strips
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.396 60.35
  Cross median
  All Rural Rys et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.689 31.11
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Rys et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.772 22.85
  Other
  All Rural Rys et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.849 15.15
  Run off road
  All Rural Rys et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install transverse rumble strips at pedestrian crosswalks on rural low-volume roads
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.76 24
  All
  All Rural Liu et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install transverse rumble strips on stop controlled approaches in rural areas
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.745 25.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) All Srinivasan et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.118 -11.8
  All
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.191 -19.1
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Srinivasan et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.785 21.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Srinivasan et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.223 -22.3
  All
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.066 -6.6
  All
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  Angle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Rear end
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.4 60
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Rear end
  O (property damage only) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Angle
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Angle
  O (property damage only) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.44 56
  Rear end
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.22 78
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  Rear end
  O (property damage only) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.57 43
  Angle
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  Angle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.284 -28.4
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Srinivasan et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.192 -19.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Srinivasan et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.903 9.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Srinivasan et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.913 8.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Srinivasan et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.987 1.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Srinivasan et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.798 20.2
  All
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.819 18.1
  All
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.671 32.9
  All
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.357 -35.7
  All
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.182 -18.2
  All
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.818 18.2
  All
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.138 -13.8
  All
  O (property damage only) Srinivasan et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Pavement condition and friction (735)

Countermeasure: Change in pavement condition from X to Y
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change in pavement friction from X to Y (in friction number)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change in pavement roughness
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Rural Cafiso et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Other
  All Rural Cafiso et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Dry weather
  All Rural Cafiso et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Day time
  All Rural Cafiso et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Dry weather
  All Rural Cafiso et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Other
  All Rural Cafiso et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Rural Cafiso et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Day time
  All Rural Cafiso et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Wet road
  All Rural Cafiso et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Nighttime
  All Rural Cafiso et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Run off road
  All Rural Cafiso et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Run off road
  All Rural Cafiso et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Nighttime
  All Rural Cafiso et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 4.487 -348.7
  All
  All Not specified Elghriany et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.318 -131.8
  All
  All Not specified Elghriany et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.074 -7.4
  All
  All Not specified Elghriany et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All All Lee and Abdel-Aty, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Sideswipe
  All All Lee and Abdel-Aty, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Single vehicle
  All All Lee and Abdel-Aty, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Rear end
  All All Lee and Abdel-Aty, 2019 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change pavement friction from 40 to SK (in friction number)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)			All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Pratt et al., 2014	Partial access control[read more]

F(x)
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
F(x)
Run off road,Wet road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
F(x)
Wet road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
F(x)
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
F(x)
Run off road,Wet road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
F(x)
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
F(x)
Run off road,Wet road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
F(x)
Wet road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
F(x)
Wet road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change roadway surface from gravel or dirt to asphalt
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Rural Ksaibati et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change street surface condition from poor to good
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.74 26
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  All
  All Rural Zeng et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  All
  All Rural Zeng et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  All
  All Rural Zeng et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  All
  All Rural Zeng et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.26 -26
  All
  All Rural Zeng et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Changing pavement macrotexture from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Rural Pulugurtha et al. (2010), 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve pavement condition as measured by International Roughness Index (IRI)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.999 0.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.027 -2.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.942 5.8
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.869 13.1
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.994 0.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.032 -3.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.904 9.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.012 -1.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.966 3.4
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.861 13.9
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.983 1.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.064 -6.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.954 4.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.899 10.1
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.994 0.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.073 -7.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.911 8.9
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.947 5.3
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.17 -17
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.965 3.5
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.921 7.9
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.004 -0.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.947 5.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.977 2.3
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.991 0.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.948 5.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.883 11.7
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.864 13.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.891 10.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.962 3.8
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.822 17.8
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.07 93
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.13 87
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Nemtsov et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve pavement distress from PSI of X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Wet road
  All Urban Chan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Urban Chan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Urban Chan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Urban Chan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Urban Chan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Urban Chan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Urban Chan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (Chip Seal)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.147
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.105
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.959
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.775
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.206
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.373
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.939
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.934
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.883
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.937
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.829
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.046
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.039
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.935
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.423
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.141
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.222
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.519
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.412
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.385
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.656
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.39
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.892
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.884
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.865
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.927
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.888
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.775
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.285
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.092
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.045
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.997
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.65
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.65
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.014
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.666
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.949
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.959
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.053
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.999
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.933
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.004
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.908
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.892
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.918
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.709
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.255
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.005
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.271
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.604
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.201
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.862
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.011
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.011
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.655
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.937
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.027
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.682
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.57
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.638
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.872 12.8
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.952 4.8
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.015 -1.5
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.845 15.5
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.115 -11.5
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.029 -2.9
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.924 7.6
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.882 11.8
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.832
  All
  All Not specified Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.948
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.067
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.004
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.997
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.214
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (Diamond grinding)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.951
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.975
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.595
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.862
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.959
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.973
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.606
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.866
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.957
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.703
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.792
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.641
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.525
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.576
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.769
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.106
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.48
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.943
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.967
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.642
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.869
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.869
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.916 8.4
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.779 22.1
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.923 7.7
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.898
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.899
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.127
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.221
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (from skid number of X to Y)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Abd El Halim, et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (grooving)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.776
  All
  All Rural Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.615
  Dry weather
  All Rural Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.674
  Run off road
  All Rural Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.746
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (HFS-High Friction Surfacing)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.759 24.1
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.653 34.7
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.139 86.1
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.481 51.9
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.445 55.5
  Other
  All Not specified Liu et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.672 32.8
  All
  All Not specified Liu et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.542 45.8
  Single vehicle
  All Not specified Liu et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.607 39.3
  Other
  All Not specified Liu et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (increase skid resistance)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.261 73.9
  Rear end,Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.335 66.5
  Rear end,Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.221 77.9
  Rear end,Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.361 63.9
  Rear end,Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.482 51.8
  Rear end,Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.045 -4.5
  Angle
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.787 21.3
  Angle
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.828 17.2
  Angle
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.554 44.6
  Rear end
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.898 10.2
  Angle
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.687 -68.7
  Angle
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.47 53
  Angle,Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.828 17.2
  Angle,Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.105 -10.5
  Angle,Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.829 17.1
  Angle,Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.764 23.6
  All
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.684 31.6
  All
  All Rural Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.599 40.1
  All
  All Urban Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.426 57.4
  Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.799 20.1
  All
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.667 33.3
  All
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.819 18.1
  All
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.59 41
  All
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.797 20.3
  All
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.271 -27.1
  All
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.589 41.1
  All
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.799 20.1
  Angle,Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.372 62.8
  Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.355 64.5
  Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.217 78.3
  Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.546 45.4
  Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.597 40.3
  Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.361 63.9
  Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.582 41.8
  Rear end
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.586 41.4
  Rear end
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.304 69.6
  Rear end
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.585 41.5
  Rear end
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.943 5.7
  Rear end
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.504 49.6
  Rear end
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.322 67.8
  Rear end,Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.538 46.2
  Wet road
  All Urban Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.828 17.2
  Rear end
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.612 38.8
  Rear end
  All Urban Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.866 13.4
  Rear end
  All Urban Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.575 42.5
  Rear end,Wet road
  All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.474 52.6
  Rear end,Wet road
  All Rural Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.344 65.6
  Rear end,Wet road
  All Urban Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Rear end,Wet road
  All Urban Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.776 22.4
  Rear end
  All Rural Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.862 13.8
  All
  All Urban Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.434 56.6
  Wet road
  All All Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.346 65.4
  Wet road
  All Rural Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.26 74
  Wet road
  All Urban Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.971 2.9
  Rear end,Wet road
  All Rural Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.047 -4.7
  Rear end
  All Rural Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.852 14.8
  Wet road
  All Rural Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  Wet road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Mayora and Pina, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.964 3.6
  All
  All Rural Lyon and Persaud, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.52 47.7
  Wet road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Mayora and Pina, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (Microsurfacing)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.3
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.419
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.419
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.81
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.255
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.718
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.173
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.516
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.769
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.099
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.088
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.761
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.129
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.122
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.078
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.12
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.016
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.061
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.079
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.712
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.108
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.026
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.226
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.944
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.14
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.105
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.765
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.44
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.604
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.067
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.123
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.077
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.775
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.018
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.925
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.006
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.972
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.785
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.039
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.09
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.18
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.114
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.867
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.142
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.075
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.036
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.963
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.178
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.101
  Dry weather
  All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.169
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.14
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.838
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.958
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.505
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (OGFC-Open Graded Friction Course)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.041
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.004
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.873
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.055
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.643
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.307
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.873
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.508
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.481
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.746
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.032
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.747
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.807
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.068
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.997
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.974
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.748
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.743
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.485
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.506
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.875
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.306
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.959
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.981
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.108
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.092
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.114
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.482
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.008
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.109
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.685
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.128
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.107
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.038
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.816
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.12
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.878
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.934
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.945
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.028
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.846 15.4
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.573 42.7
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.237 -23.7
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.148 -14.8
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.975 2.5
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.618 38.2
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (Slurry seal)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.669
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.888
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.936
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.736
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.959
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.621
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.931
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.972
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.802
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.943
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.578
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (Thin HMA-Hot Mix Asphalt)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.039
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.797
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.973
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.986
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.021
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.021
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.42
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.988
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.865
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.149
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.019
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.043
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.666
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.903
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.054
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.551
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.967
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.908
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.194
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.247
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.18
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.256
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.181
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.007
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.405
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.914
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.871
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.188
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.191
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.051
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.955
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.209
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.956
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.566
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.853
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.946
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.222
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.203
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.167
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.262
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.018
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.223
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.993
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.193
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.258
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.146
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.273
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.175
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.013
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.881
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.042
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.091
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.087
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.972
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.938
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.104
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.772
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.963
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.103
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.531
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.957
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.073
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.125
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.278
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.069
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.074
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.999
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.907
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.102
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.906
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.471
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.674
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.401
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (UTBWC-Ultra thin bonded wearing course)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.317
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.985
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.945
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.961
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.982
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.075
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.925
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.964
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.802
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.26
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.978
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.948
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.926
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.996
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.632
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.502
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.33
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.641
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.954
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.761
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.994
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.871
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.872
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.694
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.905
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.994
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.875
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.139
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.005
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.917
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.947
  Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.956
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.908
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.17
  Run off road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.634
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.061
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.017
  All
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.962
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.049
  Dry weather
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.896
  Run off road,Wet road
  All All Merritt et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction at horizontal curves (Light Weight Aggregate)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.267 -26.7
  All
  Not specified Liu et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.978 2.2
  Single vehicle
  No crash severity values chosen. Not specified Liu et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.333 66.7
  Other
  No crash severity values chosen. Not specified Liu et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 4 -300
  Other
  No crash severity values chosen. Not specified Liu et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction at horizontal curves (Phonolite/Wyoming Bauxite)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.916 8.4
  All
  Not specified Liu et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.858 14.2
  Single vehicle
  No crash severity values chosen. Not specified Liu et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.717 28.3
  Other
  No crash severity values chosen. Not specified Liu et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.862 13.8
  Other
  No crash severity values chosen. Not specified Liu et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase pavement friction from F1 to F2

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Wet road	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only)	Urban	Amini and Beigi, 2015	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increased pavement friction
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.76 24
  All
  All All Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.43 57
  Wet road
  All All Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  Rear end
  All All Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  Rear end
  All All Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  Single vehicle
  All All Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install Cargill SafeLane anti-icing pavement overlay system on bridges
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) 73
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Evans, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) 29
  All
  O (property damage only) Evans, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) 39
  All
  All Evans, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install high friction surface treatment (HFST)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.58	42		Fixed object	K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury)	Rural	Gayah et al., 2023	Partial access control[read more]

0.56 44
Run off road
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.422 55.8
All
All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.522 47.8
All
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.417 58.3
All
O (property damage only) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.457 54.3
Run off road
All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.477 52.3
Fixed object
All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.244 75.6
All
All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.466 53.4
All
All Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.513 48.7
All
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.649 35.1
Run off road
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.672 32.8
Fixed object
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.326 67.4
All
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.444 55.6
All
All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.5 50
All
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.455 54.5
All
O (property damage only) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.458
Run off road
All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.47 53
Fixed object
All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.246 75.4
All
All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.514 48.6
All
O (property damage only) Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.477 52.3
Run off road
All Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.584 41.6
Run off road
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.6 40
Fixed object
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.298 70.2
All
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.491 50.9
Fixed object
All Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.273 72.7
All
All Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.388 61.2
All
All Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.496 50.4
All
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.366 63.4
All
O (property damage only) Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.457 54.3
Run off road
All Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.462 53.8
Fixed object
All Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.222 77.8
All
All Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.478 52.2
All
All Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.563 43.7
All
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.506 49.4
All
O (property damage only) Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.457 54.3
Run off road
All Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.496 50.4
Fixed object
All Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.279 72.1
All
All Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.431 56.9
All
All Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.492
All
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.425 57.5
All
O (property damage only) Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.445 55.5
Run off road
All Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.456 54.4
Fixed object
All Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.232 76.8
All
All Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.603
Run off road
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.616 38.4
Fixed object
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.28 72
All
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.257 74.3
Wet road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.49 51
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.529 47.1
All
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.125 87.5
Wet road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.319 68.1
All
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.176 82.4
Wet road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.37 63
All
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.378 62.2
All
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.226 77.4
Run off road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.493 50.7
All
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.341 65.9
All
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.43 57
All
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.515 48.5
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.279 72.1
Run off road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.168 83.2
Wet road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.2 80
Wet road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.272 72.8
All
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.482 51.8
All
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.138 86.2
Wet road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.469 53.1
All
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.123 87.7
Wet road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.584 41.6
All
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.29 71
Wet road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.23 77
Wet road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.505 49.5
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.133 86.7
Wet road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.212 78.8
All
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.365 63.5
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.079 92.1
Wet road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.124 87.6
Wet road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.691 30.9
Other
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.2 80
Wet road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.097 90.3
Wet road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.202 79.8
Run off road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.569 43.1
Run off road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.416 58.4
Other
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.403 59.7
All
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.428 57.2
Run off road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.501 49.9
Head on
All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.7 30
Sideswipe
All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.49 51
Head on
All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.467 53.3
Sideswipe
All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.539 46.1
Head on
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.673 32.7
Sideswipe
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.409 59.1
Head on
All Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.524 47.6
Head on
All Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.453 54.7
Sideswipe
All Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.776 22.4
Sideswipe
All Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.603 39.7
Run off road
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.626 37.4
Fixed object
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.617 38.3
Head on
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.683 31.7
Sideswipe
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.327 67.3
All
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.667 33.3
Sideswipe
All Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.692 30.8
Run off road
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.715 28.5
Fixed object
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.324 67.6
All
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.534 46.6
Head on
All Urban Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.31 69
Head on
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.368 63.2
Head on
All Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.332 66.8
All
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.506 49.4
Sideswipe
All Rural Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.334 66.6
All
All All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.788 21.2
Run off road
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.885 11.5
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.926 7.4
Other
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
1.045 -4.5
All
All Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
1.086 -8.6
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Merrit et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
0.234 76.6
All
K (fatal), A (serious injury), B (minor injury), C (possible injury) All Gayah et al., 2023 Partial access control[read more]
0.36 64
All
O (property damage only) All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.13 87
All
All All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.22 78
All
All All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.11 89
All
All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.24 76
All
O (property damage only) All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.12 88
All
All All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.197 80.3
All
All All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
K (fatal) All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.511 48.9
All
All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.207 79.3
All
All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.134 86.6
All
Not specified All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
K (fatal) All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.32 68
All
All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
Not specified All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
Not specified All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.19 81
All
O (property damage only) All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.31 69
All
All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.21 79
All
O (property damage only) All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
Not specified All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.05 95
All
All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0 100
All
All Musey et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install permeable friction course (PFC)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.028 -2.8
  Wet road
  All Not specified Buddhavarapu et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Refinish concrete pavement with inverted turf of stiff-bristled broom (wet weather crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.635 36.5
  All
  All Izevbekhai and Eller, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.935 6.5
  Wet road
  All Izevbekhai and Eller, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Refinish pavement with microsurfacing treatment
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.86 14
  All
  All Erwin and Tighe, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  All
  All Erwin and Tighe, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  All Erwin and Tighe, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  Wet road
  All Erwin and Tighe, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  Wet road
  All Erwin and Tighe, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.57 43
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Erwin and Tighe, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Erwin and Tighe, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  All
  All Erwin and Tighe, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  Rear end
  All Erwin and Tighe, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.59 41
  Rear end
  All Erwin and Tighe, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  All
  All Erwin and Tighe, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Refinish pavement with resurfacing treatment
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.86 14
  All
  All Erwin and Tighe, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  All Erwin and Tighe, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  All
  All Erwin and Tighe, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.49 51
  Wet road
  All Erwin and Tighe, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  All
  All Erwin and Tighe, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Rear end
  All Erwin and Tighe, 2008 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Resurface pavement

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.787	21.3		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Hussein, N.A. and R.A. Hassan., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

0.847 15.3
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban and suburban Hussein, N.A. and R.A. Hassan., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.787 21.3
All
B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Hussein, N.A. and R.A. Hassan., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.858 14.2
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.99 1
Rear end
All Abdel-Aty et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.95 5
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury) Abdel-Aty et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.01 -1
All
All Abdel-Aty et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.929 7.1
All
All Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.894 10.6
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.942 5.8
All
All Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.901 9.9
All
All Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.766 23.4
All
All Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
1.023 -2.3
All
All Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
1.153 -15.3
All
All Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.688 31.2
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.786 21.4
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.924 7.6
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.853 14.7
All
All Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
1.152 -15.2
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
1.186 -18.6
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.989 1.1
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.752
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.63 37
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
1.051 -5.1
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.899 10.1
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
1.124 -12.4
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
0.806 19.4
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Urban Park et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Resurface pavement with groove pavement (GP)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.891 10.9
  All
  All Choi et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  Wet road
  All All Oh, ragland, and Chan, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Resurface pavement with open-graded asphalt concrete (OGAC)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.59 41
  Wet road
  All All Oh, ragland, and Chan, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Resurface pavement with rubberized open-graded asphalt concrete (R-OGAC)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.07 -7
  Wet road
  All All Oh, ragland, and Chan, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Other (77)

Countermeasure: Add a through lane on both directions and a raised median
- 0.32 68
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.33 67
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.47 53
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.52 48
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.28 72
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change proportion of 1-lane roadways to total roadway length from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Ukkusuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change proportion of 4-lane roadways to total roadway length from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Ukkusuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change proportion of 5-lane roadways to total roadway length from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Ukkusuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change proportion of length of roads with widths less than 30 feet to total roadway length from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Ukkusuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change proportion of local rural road to total roadway length from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Ukkusuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change proportion of other throughfare roadway to total roadway length from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Ukkusuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change proportion of primary roadway (without access restriction) to total roadway length from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Ukkusuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change proportion or primary roadway (with limited access) to total roadway length from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Ukkusuri et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Commercial vs. residential land use
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  3.42 -242.12
  All
  All Urban Schultz et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.77 -77
  Angle
  All Urban Schultz et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert hybrid mainline toll plaza to an all-electric toll collection system
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.76 24
  All
  All Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  O (property damage only) Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Rear end
  All Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  Other
  All Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert traditional mainline toll plaza to an all-electric toll collection system
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.24 76
  All
  All Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.32 68
  All
  O (property damage only) Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.2 80
  Rear end
  All Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.26 74
  Other
  All Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.25 75
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert traditional mainline toll plazas to hybrid mainline toll plazas
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Abuzwidah, et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All All Abuzwidah, et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.34 66
  Rear end
  All All Abuzwidah, et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  Angle,Sideswipe,Other
  All All Abuzwidah, et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) All Abuzwidah, et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Crash modification factor for median width of X ft

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Le and Porter, 2012	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
All
All Rural Li et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase median width by 1 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.99 1
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Rural Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install Edge Lane Road (ELR)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.56 44
  All
  All All Williams et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install periodic passing lanes on rural two-lane highways

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.65	35		Non-intersection	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Park et al., 2012	Partial access control[read more]

0.58 42
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Provide passing lane or climbing lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.68 32
  All
  All Rural Schumaker et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Other
  All Rural Schumaker et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  All
  All Rural Schumaker et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Schumaker et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Other
  All Rural Schumaker et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Schumaker et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.811 18.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Espada et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.767 23.3
  Head on
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Espada et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.721 27.9
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Espada et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.924 7.6
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Espada et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.785 21.5
  Single vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Espada et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.808 19.2
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Espada et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.824 17.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Espada et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.899 10.1
  Head on
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Espada et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.739 26.1
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Espada et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.917 8.3
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Espada et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Single vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Espada et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.857 14.3
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Espada et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.898 10.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Espada et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.889 11.1
  Head on
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Espada et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.043 -4.3
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Espada et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.853 14.7
  Single vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Espada et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Espada et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.895 10.5
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Espada et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide Truck Climbing Lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.57 43
  All
  All Haq et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  Truck related
  All Haq et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Removing mainline barrier toll plazas on highways
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.528 47.2
  All
  All Not specified Yang et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Yang et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.597 40.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Yang et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen Narrow Pavement
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.683 31.7
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Wu et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.693 30.7
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Wu et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.705 29.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Wu et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.643 35.7
  Run off road
  All Rural Wu et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.685 31.5
  All
  All Rural Wu et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.446 55.4
  Head on
  All Rural Wu et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Number of lanes (237)

Countermeasure: Add two-way left-turn lane
- 0.92 8
  All
  All Hovey and Chowdhury, 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Hovey and Chowdhury, 2005 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change urban or suburban roadway cross-section

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.462	53.8		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

3.189 -218.9
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.701 29.9
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.415 -41.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]

	0.43	57		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

1.769 -76.9
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.427 -42.7
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.543 -54.3
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.354 64.6
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.495 50.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.707 29.3
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.091 -9.1
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
2.826 -182.6
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
2.816 -181.6
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
3.189 -218.9
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.996 0.4
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.128 -12.8
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.355 64.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.004 -0.4
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
2.019 -101.9
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
2.202 -120.2
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.744 -74.4
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
2.837 -183.7
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
2.641 -164.1
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.574 42.6
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.627 -62.7
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.515 -51.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.353 64.7
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.615 38.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
2.149 -114.9
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
3.33 -233
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
2.834 -183.4
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.465 53.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.55 -55
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.319 -31.9
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.3 70
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.645 35.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.851 14.9
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
2.171 -117.1
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
3.994 -299.4
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
2.31 -131
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.461 53.9
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.84 -84
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.064 -6.4
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.25 75
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.544 45.6
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.578 42.2
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]

	4.152	-315.2		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0.222	77.8		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0.111	88.9		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0.616	38.4		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	4.497	-349.7		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	1.894	-89.4		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0.5	50		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	2.076	-107.6		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	2	-100		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	8.994	-799.4		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

1.735 -73.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
3.168 -216.8
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.565 43.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.826 -82.6
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.981 1.9
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.02 -2
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
1.791 -79.1
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.576 42.4
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]

	1.623	-62.3		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	4.634	-363.4		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0.216	78.4		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0.35	65		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0.663	33.7		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	3.074	-207.4		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	2.855	-185.5		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	2.324	-132.4		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	13.989	-1298.9		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0	100		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	6.02	-502		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0.071	92.9		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0.166	83.4		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0	100		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

	0	100		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Sideswipe,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert 2 lane roadway to 4 lane divided roadway
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.341 65.88
  All
  All Urban Ahmed et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.351 64.89
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Ahmed et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.367 63.27
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Ahmed et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.712 28.79
  All
  All Rural Ahmed et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.549 45.13
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Ahmed et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.236 76.4
  All
  All Urban Ahmed et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.466 53.36
  All
  All Urban Ahmed et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.714 28.59
  All
  All Rural Ahmed et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.691 30.88
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Ahmed et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21.04
  All
  All Rural Ahmed et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 2-lane undivided to 4-lane divided road
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.251 74.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All Elvik et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.971 2.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) All Elvik et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  All
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Elvik et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Converting four-lane roadways to three-lane roadways with center turn lane (road diet)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.53 47
  All
  All Urban and suburban Persaud et. al, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.748 25.2
  All
  All Urban Pawlovich et al., 2006 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.812 18.8
  All
  All Urban Pawlovich et al., 2006 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Five to six lane conversion
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.03 -3
  All
  All Urban Bauer et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Urban Bauer et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bauer et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Four to five lane conversion
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.11 -11
  All
  All Urban Bauer et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Urban Bauer et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bauer et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.658 34.2
  Non-intersection
  All Urban and suburban Rahman et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.21 79
  Non-intersection
  All Urban and suburban Rahman et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.426 57.4
  Non-intersection
  All Urban and suburban Rahman et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Non-intersection
  All Urban Rahman et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Non-intersection
  All Urban Rahman et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.564 43.6
  Non-intersection
  All Urban and suburban Rahman et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.482 51.8
  Non-intersection
  All Urban Rahman et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.355 64.5
  Non-intersection
  All Urban and suburban Rahman et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.18 -18
  All
  All Urban and suburban Das et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.65 35
  All
  All Urban and suburban Das et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  All
  All Urban and suburban Das et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  All
  All Urban and suburban Das et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.35 65
  All
  All Urban and suburban Das et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  All
  All Urban and suburban Das et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.48 52
  All
  All Urban and suburban Das et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.42 58
  All
  All Urban and suburban Das et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.43 57
  All
  All Suburban Sun et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  All
  All Urban Sun et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.49 51
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Sun et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  All
  O (property damage only) Suburban Sun et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.38 62
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Sun et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.42 58
  Wet road
  All Suburban Sun et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.18 82
  Wet road
  All Urban Sun et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  Rear end
  All Suburban Sun et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.18 82
  Rear end
  All Urban Sun et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.41 59
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Sun et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase from 4 lanes to 6 lanes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.85 15
  All
  All Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.847 15.3
  All
  All Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.798 20.2
  All
  All Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.802 19.8
  All
  All Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.761 23.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.755 24.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.696 30.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.702 29.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.901 9.9
  All
  All Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.841 15.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.657 34.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.742 25.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.809 19.1
  All
  All Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.807 19.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.737 26.3
  All
  All Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.702 29.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.853 14.7
  All
  All Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.918 8.2
  All
  All Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.868 13.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.916 8.4
  All
  All Urban Park et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.25 -25
  All
  All Urban Kononov et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase from 6 lanes to 8 lanes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.4 -40
  All
  All Urban Kononov et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install an additional lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.76 24
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Dixon et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Dixon et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Dixon et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install TWLTL (two-way left turn lane) on four lane road
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.701 29.9
  Non-intersection
  All Urban Sun and Rahman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.758 24.2
  All
  All Urban Sun and Rahman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Rural Li et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install TWLTL (two-way left turn lane) on two lane road
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.613 38.7
  Rear end
  All All Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.488 51.2
  All
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.492 50.8
  All
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.727 27.3
  All
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.739 26.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.469 53.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.725 27.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.629 37.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.797 20.3
  All
  All All Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.843 15.7
  All
  All All Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.874 12.6
  All
  All All Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.686 31.4
  All
  All All Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.775 22.5
  All
  All All Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.501 49.9
  Rear end
  All Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.506 49.4
  Rear end
  All All Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  Rear end
  All All Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.783 21.7
  Rear end
  All All Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.962 3.8
  All
  All Urban Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.028 -2.8
  All
  All Urban Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.833 16.7
  All
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.906 9.4
  All
  All Urban Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  All
  All Urban Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.019 -1.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Lyon et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of passing relief lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.71 29
  Other
  All Rural Bagdade et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 47
  Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural Bagdade et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  Day time
  All Rural Bagdade et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bagdade et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  All
  All Rural Bagdade et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Nighttime
  All Rural Bagdade et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Wet road
  All Rural Bagdade et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 47
  Dry weather
  All Rural Bagdade et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  Other
  All Rural Bagdade et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Introduce TWLTL (two-way left turn lanes) on rural two lane roads
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.64 36
  All
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.65 35
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Persaud et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 47
  Rear end
  All Rural Persaud et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Narrow cross section (4 to 3 lanes with two way left-turn lane)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.63 37
  All
  All Urban Gates et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Gates et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Angle
  All Urban Gates et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Rear end
  All Urban Gates et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  Angle
  All Urban Gates et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Gates et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of two-lane roadway vs. greater than two-lane roadway
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.43 57.2
  All
  All Urban Baird et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide short 2+1 road sections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.51 49
  Head on,Rear end,Sideswipe
  All Rural D'Agostino, C., S. Cafiso, and M. Kiec., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 47
  All
  All Rural D'Agostino, C., S. Cafiso, and M. Kiec., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide short four-lane section
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.65 35
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.71 29
  All
  All Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.613 38.7
  Non-intersection
  All Urban Sun and Rahman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 47
  All
  All Urban and suburban Linda Lim and Michael D. Fontaine, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  All
  All Urban and suburban Linda Lim and Michael D. Fontaine, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.65 35
  All
  All Urban and suburban Linda Lim and Michael D. Fontaine, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.36 64
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Linda Lim and Michael D. Fontaine, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Linda Lim and Michael D. Fontaine, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.41 59
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Linda Lim and Michael D. Fontaine, 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  All
  All All Zhou et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Zhou et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.688 31.2
  All
  All Urban Sun and Rahman, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane) - 8 or less intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.95 5
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane) - 8 or less intersections, target crashes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.61 39
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane) - 9 or more intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.93 7
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane) - 9 or more intersections, target crashes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.55 45
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane) - commercial areas
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.05 -5
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane) - commercial areas, target crashes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.72 28
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane) - high crash areas
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.91 9
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane) - high crash areas, target crashes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.54 46
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane) - high driveway density
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.81 19
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane) - high driveway density, target crashes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.51 49
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane) - low crash areas
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.98 2
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane) - low crash areas, target crashes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.63 37
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane) - low driveway density
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.07 -7
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane) - low driveway density, target crashes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.66 34
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane) - mixed use areas
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.06 -6
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane) - mixed use areas, target crashes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.52 48
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane) - residential areas
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.77 23
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane) - residential areas, target crashes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.51 49
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Road diet (Convert 4-lane undivided road to 2-lanes plus turning lane), target crashes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.59 41
  All
  All Lyles et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Lane width (163)

Countermeasure: Change bridge width (bridge minus roadway width) from X to Y
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Bigelow et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change from standard sized lanes to undersized lanes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  2.904 -190.374
  All
  All Urban Wu et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.111 -211.1
  Other
  All Urban Wu et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.332 -133.2
  Other
  All Urban Wu et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 3.377 -237.7
  Other
  All Urban Wu et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change lane width from 12 ft to LW (in feet)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Wet road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Run off road,Wet road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Run off road,Wet road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change lane width from X to Y (in feet)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Raihan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Raihan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change travel lane plus sealed shoulder width from greater than or equal to 3.5m to less than 3.5m

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.21	-21		Run off road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Jurewicz and Pyta, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert 12-foot lanes to 10-foot lanes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.58 42
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.3 -30
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Zegeer et al., 1988 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Zegeer et al., 1988 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.23 -23
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Zegeer et al., 1988 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Zegeer et al., 1988 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Zegeer et al., 1988 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Zegeer et al., 1988 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 12-foot lanes to 11-foot lanes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.76 24
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Zegeer et al., 1988 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Zegeer et al., 1988 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Zegeer et al., 1988 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Urban and suburban Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Urban and suburban Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Zegeer et al., 1988 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Zegeer et al., 1988 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Zegeer et al., 1988 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Urban and suburban Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 12-foot lanes to 9-foot or less
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.44 56
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Zegeer et al., 1988 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Zegeer et al., 1988 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.38 -38
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Zegeer et al., 1988 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Zegeer et al., 1988 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Zegeer et al., 1988 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.25 -25
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Zegeer et al., 1988 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.5 -50
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 12-ft inside and outside lanes to 12-ft inside lane and X-ft outside lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Urban Mbatta et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Mbatta et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Mbatta et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 12-ft inside and outside lanes to X-ft inside lane and X-ft outside lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Mbatta et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Urban Mbatta et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Mbatta et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 12-ft lanes and 6-ft shoulders to 10-ft lanes and 3-ft shoulders
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.13 -13
  Run off road
  All Rural Gross et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 12-ft lanes and 6-ft shoulders to 10-ft lanes and 4-ft shoulders
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.2 -20
  Run off road
  All Rural Gross et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 12-ft lanes and 6-ft shoulders to 11-ft lanes and 2-ft shoulders
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.12 -12
  Run off road
  All Rural Gross et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 12-ft lanes and 6-ft shoulders to 11-ft lanes and 3-ft shoulders
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.19 -19
  Run off road
  All Rural Gross et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 12-ft lanes and 6-ft shoulders to 11-ft lanes and 4-ft shoulders
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.14 -14
  Run off road
  All Rural Gross et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 12-ft lanes and 6-ft shoulders to 11-ft lanes and 5-ft shoulders
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.06 -6
  Run off road
  All Rural Gross et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 12-ft lanes and 6-ft shoulders to 11-ft lanes and 6-ft shoulders
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.84 16
  Run off road
  All Rural Gross et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 12-ft lanes and 6-ft shoulders to 11-ft lanes and 7-ft shoulders
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1 0
  Run off road
  All Rural Gross et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 12-ft lanes and 6-ft shoulders to 12-ft lanes and 2-ft shoulders
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.16 -16
  Run off road
  All Rural Gross et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 12-ft lanes and 6-ft shoulders to 12-ft lanes and 3-ft shoulders
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.11 -11
  Run off road
  All Rural Gross et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 12-ft lanes and 6-ft shoulders to 12-ft lanes and 4-ft shoulders
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.04 -4
  Run off road
  All Rural Gross et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 12-ft lanes and 6-ft shoulders to 12-ft lanes and 5-ft shoulders
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.87 13
  Run off road
  All All Gross et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert from standard sized lanes to oversized lanes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.317 -31.7
  Other
  All Urban Wu et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.613 -61.3
  Other
  All Urban Wu et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.612 -161.2
  Other
  All Urban Wu et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.651 -65.1
  Other
  All Urban Wu et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.336 -133.6
  All
  All Urban Wu et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: convert lane width from 12 ft to 10 ft, with a total shoulder of X ft

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Le and Porter, 2012	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert lane width from 12 ft to 11 ft, with a total shoulder of X ft

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Le and Porter, 2012	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert lane width from 12 ft to 13 ft, with a total shoulder of X ft

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Le and Porter, 2012	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert oversized roadway to standard roadway
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Urban Manuel et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Crash modification factor for 12 ft travel lane, with a total shoulder of X ft

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Le and Porter, 2012	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Decrease lane width from 11 feet to 10 feet
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.38 -38
  Rear end
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.27 -27
  All
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.26 -26
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.25 -25
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.09 -9
  All
  All Rural Hauer, E., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Decrease lane width from 11 feet to 9 feet
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.53 47
  All
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.41 59
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.55 -55
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.48 52
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  Rear end
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.21 -21
  All
  All Rural Hauer, E., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase lane width
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  All
  All Urban Yanmaz-Tuzel and Ozbay, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase lane width by 1 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.77 23
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.52 48
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.24 76
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Alluri et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase lane width from 11 feet to 12 feet
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.88 12
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Dixon et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Dixon et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Dixon et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Dixon et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  All Rural Hauer, E., 2000 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase roadway width (lanes and shoulders in meters)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Acqua and Russo, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Acqua and Russo, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase surface width from X to Y feet

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Truck related	All	Not specified	Zhenyu Wang, Bin Cao, Weiping Deng, Jian John Lu, and Zhao Zhang, 2011	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Installation of lane narrowing through rumble strips and painted median at rural stop-controlled approaches
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.8 20
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hughes et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  All
  All Rural Hughes et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  Angle
  All Rural Hughes et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.54 -54
  Rear end
  All Rural Hughes et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Modify lane width on rural frontage road
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Rural Lord and Bonneson, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Reduce lane width from 10 ft to 9 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.46 54
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.57 43
  All
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.52 48
  Rear end
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.68 -68
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Reduce lane width from 12 ft to 10 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.28 -28
  All
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.23 -23
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.32 -32
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  Rear end
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Reduce lane width from 12 ft to 11 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Rear end
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Head on
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Reduce lane width from 12 ft to 9 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.57 43
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.36 -36
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.18 -18
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Rear end
  All Urban Wood et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Reduce lane width from 12 ft to less than 12 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.25 -25
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Raihan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.72 -72
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Raihan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen managed lane envelope
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.98 2
  All
  All Urban and suburban Avelar and Fitzpatrick, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  All
  All Urban and suburban Avelar and Fitzpatrick, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.956 4.4
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Avelar and Fitzpatrick, 2018 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Lane restrictions (56)

Countermeasure: Convert a TWLTL to a raised median
- 0.53 47
  All
  All Not specified Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.27 73
  Head on
  All Not specified Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert continuous access HOV lanes to limited-access (HOV and left lane crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.2 -19.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Jang et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.54 -54.1
  All
  All Jang et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert from two-way to one-way traffic
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.53 47
  All
  All Urban Kun Xie, Xuesong Wang, Helai Huang, Xiahong Chen, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert High-Occupancy-Vehicle (HOV) lanes to High-Occupancy-Toll (HOT) lanes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.22 -22
  Other
  All Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.61 39
  Rear end
  All Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  Angle,Sideswipe,Other
  All Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.27 -27
  Rear end
  All Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.25 -25
  Angle,Sideswipe,Other
  All Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Other
  All Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.08 -8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Rear end
  All Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  Angle,Sideswipe,Other
  All Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Other
  All Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.19 -19
  All
  All Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.28 -28
  All
  O (property damage only) Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  All Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  All
  O (property damage only) Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.35 -35
  All
  O (property damage only) Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  All Urban Cao et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Cao et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  All
  C (possible injury) Urban Cao et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.23 -23
  All
  All Abuzwidah and Abdel-Aty, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  All
  B (minor injury) Urban Cao et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.39 61
  All
  A (serious injury) Urban Cao et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  All
  K (fatal) Urban Cao et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert major road of a signalized T intersection from two-way to one-way (motorcycle crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.4 60
  All
  All Urban Haque et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Expand truck lane restrictions on 2-lane directional interstate segments (screened)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.98 2
  Truck related
  All Not specified Fontaine et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement strict truck lane restrictions on 2-lane directional interstate segments (screened)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.23 -23
  Truck related
  All Not specified Fontaine et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement truck lane restrictions
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.32 -32
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Das et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.17 -17
  Truck related
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Das et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  Truck related
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Das et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Das et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement truck lane restrictions on 2-lane directional interstate segments (screened)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.95 5
  Truck related
  All Not specified Fontaine et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement truck lane restrictions on 4-lane freeways
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.68 32
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Fontaine, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  All Fontaine, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement truck lane restrictions on 4-lane freeways (truck crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.12 -12
  All
  All Fontaine, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Fontaine, 2008 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Implement truck lane restrictions on multilane freeways

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.99	1		Truck related	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)		Fontaine et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

1.15 -15
Truck related
All Fontaine et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.1 -10
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Fontaine et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.16 -16
All
All Fontaine et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Implement truck lane restrictions on multilane freeways (<10000 vpdpl)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.5 50
  Truck related
  All Fontaine et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  All Fontaine et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  Truck related
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Fontaine et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Fontaine et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Implement truck lane restrictions on multilane freeways (>10000 vpdpl)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.14	-14		Truck related	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)		Fontaine et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

1.28 -28
All
All Fontaine et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.34 -34
Truck related
All Fontaine et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.23 -23
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Fontaine et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Implement truck lane restrictions on multilane freeways (screened)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.23 -23
  Truck related
  All Fontaine et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  Truck related
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Fontaine et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Category: Shoulder treatments (1364)

Subcategory: Shoulder width (492)

Countermeasure: Change left shoulder width from X to Y (feet)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Not specified Haleem et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change right shoulder width from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change shoulder width from 8 ft to SW (in feet)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Wet road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Run off road,Wet road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Pratt et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change shoulder width from X to Y (in feet)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Labi, 2011 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change shoulder width from X to Y (meters)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Gitelman et al., 2019	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
Single vehicle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
All Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Single vehicle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
All Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
All Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
All Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Single vehicle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Single vehicle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change unpaved shoulder width from X to Y (in meters)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Gitelman et al., 2019	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
Single vehicle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
All Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
All Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
All Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Single vehicle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
All Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Single vehicle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Single vehicle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Gitelman et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert 6-foot shoulder to 0-foot shoulder
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.5 -50
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 6-foot shoulder to 2-foot shoulder
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.3 -30
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 6-foot shoulder to 4-foot shoulder
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert 6-foot shoulder to 8-foot shoulder
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert right shoulder width from 8-ft to 0-ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.18 -18
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert right shoulder width from 8-ft to 2-ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.13 -13
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert right shoulder width from 8-ft to 4-ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.09 -9
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert right shoulder width from 8-ft to 6-ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.04 -4
  All
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Decrease inside paved shoulder width from 4ft to 2ft

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.728	27.2		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Decrease inside paved shoulder width from 4ft to 2ft (outside paved shoulder width = 10ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.668 33.2
  All
  All Urban Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Decrease inside paved shoulder width from 4ft to 2ft (outside paved shoulder width = 8ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.749 25.1
  All
  All Urban Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Decrease inside shoulder width from 10ft to 4ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.446 55.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Decrease outside paved shoulder width from 10ft to 4ft (inside paved shoulder width = 4ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.417 58.3
  All
  All Urban Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Decrease outside paved shoulder width from 10ft to 8ft (inside paved shoulder width = 4ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.819 18.1
  All
  All Urban Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Decrease paved outside shoulder width from 10ft to 8ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.111 -11.1
  Rear end
  All Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.081 -8.1
  All
  All Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.172 -17.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Decrease paved right shoulder from 8-ft to X
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.16 -16
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.35 -35
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.57 -57
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.82 -82
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.88 -88
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.17 -17
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.37 -37
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.61 -61
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase inside paved shoulder width from 4ft to 10ft

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.665	33.5		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase inside paved shoulder width from 4ft to 10ft (outside paved shoulder width = 10ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.977 2.3
  All
  All Urban Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase inside paved shoulder width from 4ft to 10ft (outside paved shoulder width = 8ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.776 22.4
  All
  All Urban Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase inside paved shoulder width from 4ft to 11ft

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.173	-17.3		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase inside paved shoulder width from 4ft to 11ft (outside paved shoulder width = 10ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.294 -29.4
  All
  All Urban Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase inside paved shoulder width from 4ft to 12ft

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.992	0.8		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase inside paved shoulder width from 4ft to 12ft (outside paved shoulder width = 10ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.946 5.4
  All
  All Urban Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase inside paved shoulder width from 4ft to 12ft (outside paved shoulder width = 8ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.043 -4.3
  All
  All Urban Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase inside paved shoulder width from 4ft to 5ft (outside paved shoulder width = 10ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.573 42.7
  All
  All Urban Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase inside paved shoulder width from 4ft to 6ft

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.472	52.8		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase inside paved shoulder width from 4ft to 6ft (outside paved shoulder width = 10ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.561 43.9
  All
  All Urban Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase inside paved shoulder width from 4ft to 6ft (outside paved shoulder width = 8ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.757 24.3
  All
  All Urban Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase inside paved shoulder width from 4ft to 8ft

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.78	22		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase inside paved shoulder width from 4ft to 8ft (outside paved shoulder width = 10ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.224 -22.4
  All
  All Urban Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase inside paved shoulder width from 4ft to 8ft (outside paved shoulder width = 8ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.639 36.1
  All
  All Urban Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase inside shoulder width from 10ft to 11ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.98 2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase inside shoulder width from 10ft to 12ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.669 33.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase median shoulder width
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.035 -3.47
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.522 -52.17
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.898 10.23
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.819 18.14
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31.03
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.415 -41.51
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.036 -3.6
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.151 -15.05
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.068 -6.78
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.937 6.35
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.886 11.41
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.051 -5.08
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.316 -31.63
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.936 6.4
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.899 10.1
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.899 10.1
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.801 19.9
  Cross median,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.953 4.7
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.948 5.2
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.791 20.92
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.903 9.69
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.935 6.46
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.296 -29.58
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.784 21.59
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.206 -20.57
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.124 -12.39
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase outside paved shoulder width from 10ft to 11ft (inside paved shoulder width = 4ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.169 -16.9
  All
  All Urban Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase outside paved shoulder width from 10ft to 12ft (inside paved shoulder width = 4ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.793 20.7
  All
  All Urban Haleem, Gan, and Lu, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase paved outside shoulder width from 10ft to 12ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.774 22.6
  All
  All Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.816 18.4
  Rear end
  All Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase shoulder width from 0 to 10 feet

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.13	87		Run off road,Single vehicle	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Yichuan Peng, Srinivas Reddy Geedipally, and Dominique Lord, 2012	Partial access control[read more]

	0.29	71		Run off road,Single vehicle	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Yichuan Peng, Srinivas Reddy Geedipally, and Dominique Lord, 2012	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Modify paved shoulder width on rural frontage roads
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Pave deteriorated shoulder (2 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.92 8
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Pave deteriorated shoulder (4 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.99 1
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Pave deteriorated shoulder (6 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.95 5
  Head on,Left turn,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Head on,Left turn,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Head on,Left turn,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Head on,Left turn,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  Head on,Left turn,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Head on,Left turn,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Head on,Left turn,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Head on,Left turn,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Head on,Left turn,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Head on,Left turn,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Head on,Left turn,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Head on,Left turn,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  Head on,Left turn,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Head on,Left turn,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Head on,Left turn,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Head on,Left turn,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Head on,Left turn,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Head on,Left turn,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Pave deteriorated shoulder (8 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.97 3
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Pave deteriorated shoulder (>8 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.19 -19
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.21 -21
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.08 -8
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.44 -44
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.16 -16
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.35 -35
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.14 -14
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Provide 2-ft paved shoulders (both sides)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.89 11
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural Galgamuwa and Dissanayake, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Galgamuwa and Dissanayake, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural Galgamuwa and Dissanayake, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Galgamuwa and Dissanayake, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Reduce paved shoulder from 3 ft to 0 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.16 -16
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.17 -17
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.13 -13
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.14 -14
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Reduce paved shoulder from 3 ft to 1 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.13 -13
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.18 -18
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.09 -9
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.13 -13
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Reduce paved shoulder from 3 ft to 2 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.03 -3
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Reduce paved shoulder width from 3 ft to 0 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.17 -17
  Single vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.22 -22
  All
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Reduce shoulder width (6 ft to 0 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.12 -12
  All
  All Rural Gross and Jovanis, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Reduce shoulder width (6 ft to 1 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.17 -17
  All
  All Rural Gross and Jovanis, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Reduce shoulder width (6 ft to 2 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.11 -11
  All
  All Rural Gross and Jovanis, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Reduce shoulder width (6 ft to 4 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.06 -6
  All
  All Rural Gross and Jovanis, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Reduce shoulder width (6 ft to 5 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.02 -2
  All
  All Rural Gross and Jovanis, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Upgrade narrow unpaved shoulder (< 5 ft) to wide unpaved shoulder (> 5 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.71 29
  All
  All Rural Zeng et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.21 79
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural Zeng et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.35 65
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen left shoulder by 1 foot
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.925 8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Gkritza et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen paved shoulder from 3 ft to 4 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.97 3
  All
  All Rural Various, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Single vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen paved shoulder from 3 ft to 5 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.94 6
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Single vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  All Rural Various, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen paved shoulder from 3 ft to 6 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.93 7
  All
  All Rural Various, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Single vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen paved shoulder from 3 ft to 7 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.91 9
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Single vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  All
  All Rural Various, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen paved shoulder from 3 ft to 8 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.88 12
  All
  All Rural Various, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Single vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  All
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Abdel-Rahim and Sonnen, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen paved shoulder from 4 ft to 6 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.03 -3
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen paved shoulder from 4 ft to 8 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.06 -6
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.65 35
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.59 41
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.23 -23
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.09 -9
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen paved shoulder from 6 ft to 8 ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.03 -3
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.25 -25
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen paved shoulder from X to Y ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Angle
  All Rural Ye et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Sideswipe
  All Rural Ye et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Rural Ye et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Truck related
  All Not specified Zhenyu Wang, Bin Cao, Weiping Deng, Jian John Lu, and Zhao Zhang, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen shoulder
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.68 32
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  Run off road
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  Run off road
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.39 61
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.771 22.9
  All
  All Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.688 31.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.607 39.3
  Run off road,Single vehicle
  All Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.566 43.4
  Run off road,Single vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.48 52
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.19 -19
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.35 -35
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.22 -22
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.51 -51
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.09 -9
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.49 51
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  All Urban Dixon et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  All
  All Urban Dixon et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  All Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.617 38.3
  All
  All Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.817 18.3
  All
  All Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.814 18.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen shoulder (from 6 to 7 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.01 -1
  All
  All Rural Gross and Jovanis, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen shoulder (from 6 to 8 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.96 4
  All
  All Rural Gross and Jovanis, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen shoulder (from 6 to 9 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.79 21
  All
  All Rural Gross and Jovanis, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen shoulder (from 6 to >9 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.82 18
  All
  All Rural Gross and Jovanis, 2007 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen shoulder (paved) (from 0 to 4 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.86 14
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen shoulder (paved) (from 0 to 6 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.08 -8
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.09 -9
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.57 43
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.52 48
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen shoulder (paved) (from 0 to 8 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.11 -11
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.38 62
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.57 43
  Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Li et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Widen shoulder (paved) (from 2 to 4 ft)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.89 11
  All
  All Pitale et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Widen shoulder width to 5 feet or greater

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.38	62		Run off road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Torbic et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

0.64 36
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.1 -10
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.07 -7
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.47 53
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.73 27
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Shoulder type (259)
- Countermeasure: Add new paved shoulder
  - 0.57 43
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.02 -2
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.25 75
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.33 67
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.51 49
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.66 34
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.86 14
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.4 60
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.72 28
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.89 11
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.57 43
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.97 3
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.25 75
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.79 21
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.96 4
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.36 64
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.69 31
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.98 2
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.07 -7
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.68 32
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.97 3
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.41 59
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.72 28
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.88 12
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.62 -62
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.65 -65
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.67 33
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.85 15
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.41 59
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.91 9
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.6 40
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.98 2
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.94 6
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.58 -58
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.7 30
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.17 -17
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Barrier curb on the road edge
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.09 -9
    All
    All Suburban Lienau, K., 1996 Partial access control[read more]
  - 3.57 -257
    All
    All Suburban Lienau, K., 1996 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.64 36
    All
    All Suburban Lienau, K., 1996 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert a 2 ft. turf shoulder to a 10 ft. composite shoulder (first 3 ft. bituminous with remainder aggregate)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.63 37
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.61 39
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.96 4
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.85 15
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.06 -6
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.47 53
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.45 55
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.66 34
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.5 50
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert a 2 ft. turf shoulder to a 10 ft. composite shoulder (first 3 ft. bituminous with remainder turf)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.48 52
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.59 41
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.53 47
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.41 59
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.43 57
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.42 58
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.01 -1
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.88 12
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.95 5
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert a 2 ft. turf shoulder to a 10 ft. paved shoulder (bituminous base)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.84 16
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.4 60
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.4 60
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.4 60
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.42 58
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.46 54
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.79 21
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.74 26
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.44 56
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert a 2 ft. turf shoulder to a 10 ft. paved shoulder (Portland cement concrete)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.83 17
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.67 33
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.76 24
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.6 40
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.48 52
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.52 48
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.52 48
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.53 47
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.55 45
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert a 2 ft. turf shoulder to a 3 ft. turf shoulder
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.74 26
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.91 9
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.82 18
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.96 4
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.95 5
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.96 4
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.94 6
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.98 2
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.96 4
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert a 2 ft. turf shoulder to a 4 ft. turf shoulder
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.77 23
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.79 21
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.79 21
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.76 24
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.72 28
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.67 33
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.97 3
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.93 7
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1 0
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert a 2 ft. turf shoulder to a 6 ft. composite shoulder (first 3 ft. bituminous with remainder turf)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.69 31
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.8 20
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.58 42
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.44 56
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.58 42
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.58 42
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.58 42
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.83 17
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.88 12
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert a 2 ft. turf shoulder to a 6 ft. turf shoulder
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.59 41
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.59 41
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.59 41
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.71 29
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.58 42
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.89 11
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.81 19
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.64 36
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.95 5
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert a 2 ft. turf shoulder to an 8 ft. composite shoulder (first 3 ft. bituminous with remainder turf)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.52 48
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.56 44
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1 0
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.85 15
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.93 7
    All
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.65 35
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.56 44
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.61 39
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.5 50
    Other
    All Rural Zeng and Schrock, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert from paved shoulder to other
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.48 52
    Vehicle/bicycle
    All Urban Raihan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to composite shoulder (maintain 1 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.01 -1
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to composite shoulder (maintain 10 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.07 -7
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to composite shoulder (maintain 2 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.02 -2
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to composite shoulder (maintain 3 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.02 -2
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to composite shoulder (maintain 4 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.03 -3
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to composite shoulder (maintain 6 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.04 -4
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to composite shoulder (maintain 8 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.06 -6
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to curb and gutter
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.21 -21
    Vehicle/bicycle
    All Urban Raihan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to gravel shoulder (maintain 1 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1 0
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to gravel shoulder (maintain 10 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.03 -3
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to gravel shoulder (maintain 2 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.01 -1
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to gravel shoulder (maintain 3 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.01 -1
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to gravel shoulder (maintain 4 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.01 -1
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to gravel shoulder (maintain 6 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.02 -2
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to gravel shoulder (maintain 8 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.02 -2
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to turf shoulder (maintain 1 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.01 -1
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to turf shoulder (maintain 10 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.14 -14
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to turf shoulder (maintain 2 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.03 -3
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to turf shoulder (maintain 3 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.04 -4
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to turf shoulder (maintain 4 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.05 -5
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to turf shoulder (maintain 6 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.08 -8
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Convert paved shoulder to turf shoulder (maintain 8 ft width)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.11 -11
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
    Not specified Rural Various, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Gravel right shoulder
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    4.21 -321.2
    All
    All Urban Baird et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.517 48
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Gkritza et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install curb and gutter
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.89 11
    All
    All Suburban Baek and Hummer, 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Install paved shoulder and rumble strips
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.63 37
    All
    All Pitale et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Pave a 3 to 4 ft sod shoulder
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.86 14
    All
    K (fatal) Rural Heimbach et al., 1974 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.86 14
    All
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Heimbach et al., 1974 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.78 22
    All
    O (property damage only) Rural Heimbach et al., 1974 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.81 19
    All
    All Rural Heimbach et al., 1974 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Pave narrow shoulder through curve
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    2.04 -104
    All
    All Pitale et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Pave shoulder
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.77 23
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.9 10
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.99 1
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.32 68
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.48 52
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.82 18
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.82 18
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.75 25
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.81 19
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.96 4
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.65 35
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.24 76
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.23 77
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.93 7
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.85 15
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.24 -24
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.1 -10
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.14 -14
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.31 -31
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.1 -10
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.95 5
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.84 16
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.85 15
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.1 -10
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.97 3
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.98 2
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.27 -27
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.28 -28
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.04 -4
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.79 21
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.14 -14
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.99 1
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.97 3
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.93 7
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.86 14
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.35 -35
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.93 7
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.85 15
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.17 -17
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.13 -13
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.23 -23
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.21 -21
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.26 -26
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.97 3
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.98 2
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.84 16
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.94 6
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.76 24
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.37 -37
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.07 -7
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.28 -28
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.08 -8
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.14 -14
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.44 -44
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.35 -35
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.99 1
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.94 6
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.93 7
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.1 -10
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.98 2
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.04 -4
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.22 -22
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.26 -26
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.81 19
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.11 -11
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.02 -2
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.06 -6
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.14 -14
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.94 6
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.17 -17
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.76 24
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.95 5
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.87 13
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.48 -48
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.16 -16
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    O (property damage only) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.14 -14
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.17 -17
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.21 -21
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.23 -23
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.86 14
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.9 10
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.02 -2
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.21 -21
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.12 -12
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.24 -24
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.83 17
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.09 -9
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.41 59
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Rural Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.98 2
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.91 9
    Fixed object,Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    K (fatal) Urban Bamzai et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.84 16
    Run off road
    All All Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.7 30
    Run off road
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.35 65
    Run off road
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.07 -7
    Run off road
    All All Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.86 14
    All
    All Pitale et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Paved right shoulder vs. other right shoulder type on freeway ramp
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.81 19.2
    All
    All Chen et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.9 9.7
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury) Chen et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Upgrade narrow unpaved shoulder (< 5 ft) to wide paved shoulder (> 5 ft)
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    0.28 72
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.58 42
    All
    All Rural Zeng et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.23 77
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    All Rural Zeng et al., 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- Countermeasure: Upgrade unpaved or non-existent shoulders to composite shoulders
  - CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
    1.114 -11.4
    All
    All Rural Zeng, H. and S.D. Schrock, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.944 5.6
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng, H. and S.D. Schrock, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.674 32.6
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    All Rural Zeng, H. and S.D. Schrock, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.861 13.9
    All
    All Rural Zeng, H. and S.D. Schrock, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.692 30.8
    All
    K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zeng, H. and S.D. Schrock, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
  - 1.42 -42
    All
    All Rural Zeng, H. and S.D. Schrock, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
  - 0.389 61.1
    Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
    All Rural Zeng, H. and S.D. Schrock, 2012 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Shoulder rumble strips (377)

Countermeasure: Install alternative audible lane departure warning treatments
- 0.87 13
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  O (property damage only) Rural Wu et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Wu et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Wu et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural Wu et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install continuous milled-in shoulder rumble strips

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.78	22		Run off road,Single vehicle	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Carrasco et al., 2004	Partial access control[read more]

0.84 16
All
All Rural Carrasco et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
0.83 17
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Carrasco et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
0.21 79
Run off road,Single vehicle
All All Perrillo, K., 1998 Partial access control[read more]
0.9 10
Run off road,Single vehicle
All Rural Carrasco et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install continuous, rolled-in shoulder rumble strips
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.79 21
  Run off road,Single vehicle
  All Rural Griffith, M. S., 1999 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Run off road,Single vehicle
  All All Griffith, M. S., 1999 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Run off road,Single vehicle
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Griffith, M. S., 1999 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Run off road,Single vehicle
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Griffith, M. S., 1999 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install shoulder rumble strips
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.58 42
  Run off road,Truck related
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.4 -40
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.18 -18
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.752 24.8
  All
  All Choi et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  All
  All Rural Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Other
  All Rural Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.768 23.2
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.08 -8
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.22 -22
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.14 -14
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.4 -40
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.2 -20
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.45 -45
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.822 17.8
  Run off road
  All Rural El-Basyouny and Sayed, 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.66 -66
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.41 -41
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.39 -39
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.28 -28
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.83 -83
  Run off road,Truck related
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 47
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.98 -98
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.82 -182
  Run off road,Truck related
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  Run off road,Truck related
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.27 -27
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  Run off road,Truck related
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.5 -50
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.18 -18
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22.5
  Run off road
  All Rural Sayed et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18.4
  Run off road
  All Sayed et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26.1
  Run off road
  All Rural Sayed et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Patel et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Run off road
  All Rural Patel et al., 2007 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.771 22.95
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Run off road
  All Rural Khan et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.763 23.7
  All
  All Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.643 35.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.651 34.9
  Run off road,Single vehicle
  All Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.625 37.5
  Run off road,Single vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  All All Wu et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.642 35.84
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.763 23.74
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.873 12.7
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.712 28.8
  All
  All All Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.701 29.9
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.778 22.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.25 -25
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  All
  All Rural Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.4 60
  Other
  All Rural Storm et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.57 43
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Dadashova et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  Other
  B (minor injury) Rural Dadashova et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  Single vehicle
  B (minor injury) Rural Dadashova et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Dadashova et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Single vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Dadashova et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Other
  B (minor injury) Urban Dadashova et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  Single vehicle
  B (minor injury) Urban Dadashova et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  Single vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Dadashova et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  Run off road
  All Rural Smith and Ivan, 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Run off road
  All Rural Smith and Ivan, 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  Run off road
  All Rural Smith and Ivan, 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  Run off road
  All Rural Smith and Ivan, 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Run off road
  All Rural Smith and Ivan, 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  Run off road
  All Rural Smith and Ivan, 2005 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.59 41
  Run off road,Truck related
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.75 -75
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.39 -139
  Run off road,Truck related
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Run off road,Truck related
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  Run off road,Truck related
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.59 41
  Run off road,Truck related
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.4 -40
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.59 41
  Run off road,Truck related
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.2 -20
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Run off road
  All Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.17 -17
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.38 -38
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  All
  All Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.08 -8
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.08 -8
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.16 -16
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.28 -28
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Run off road
  All Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.7 -70
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.19 -19
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.12 -12
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.23 -23
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  All Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.17 -17
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.28 -28
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.18 -18
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.65 35
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Run off road
  All Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.34 -34
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.67 -67
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.12 -12
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.15 -15
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  All
  All Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.19 -19
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.12 -12
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.43 57
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.41 59
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.28 -28
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.52 48
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.18 -118
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.55 -55
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  Run off road,Truck related
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  Run off road,Truck related
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.38 -38
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.41 -41
  Run off road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.35 -135
  Run off road,Wet road
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  All
  All Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.754 24.6
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.589 41.1
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 47
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  Run off road
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.2 -20
  Run off road
  O (property damage only) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 38
  Cross median
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.35 -35
  Cross median
  O (property damage only) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.614 38.6
  All
  All Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.565 43.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.792 20.8
  All
  All Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.659 34.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.765 23.49
  Fixed object
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.476 52.39
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.808 19.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.503 49.7
  Run off road
  All All Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.564 43.6
  Run off road
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.678 32.2
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.59 41
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  Run off road
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  Run off road
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Run off road
  All All Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Run off road
  All All Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  All
  All Pitale et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  Run off road
  All Rural Garder and Davies, 2006 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.13 -13
  Cross median
  All Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  Cross median
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.4 60
  Run off road
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  Run off road
  O (property damage only) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.18 82
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  Other
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.25 75
  Run off road
  O (property damage only) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  Run off road
  All Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.32 68
  Run off road
  All Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  Run off road
  All Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.44 56
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.16 -16
  Other
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Other
  All Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Cross median
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zebulon C. Coulter Khaled Ksaibati, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Run off road
  All Rural Mulkern and Hildebrand, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural A. Kubas, P. Kayabas, K. Vachal, and M. Berwick, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.75 -75
  Other
  All Rural A. Kubas, P. Kayabas, K. Vachal, and M. Berwick, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.97 -97
  Run off road
  All Rural A. Kubas, P. Kayabas, K. Vachal, and M. Berwick, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  All
  All Rural A. Kubas, P. Kayabas, K. Vachal, and M. Berwick, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.053 -5.3
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.404 -40.4
  Run off road
  All Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.123 -12.3
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install shoulder rumble strips (horizontal curves)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.94	6		Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Galgamuwa and Dissanayake, 2017	Partial access control[read more]

0.95 5
Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
All Rural Galgamuwa and Dissanayake, 2017 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install shoulder rumble strips (tangents)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.95	5		Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Galgamuwa and Dissanayake, 2017	Partial access control[read more]

0.94 6
Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
All Rural Galgamuwa and Dissanayake, 2017 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install shoulder rumble strips on illuminated highways
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.59 41
  Run off road
  All Rural Smith and Ivan, 2005 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install shoulder rumble strips on roads with existing centerline rumble strips
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.53 47
  Run off road
  All Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.625 37.5
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.847 15.3
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.678 32.2
  Head on,Run off road,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.932 6.8
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0 100
  Head on,Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural D. Olson, M. Sujka, and B. Manchas, 2013 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install shoulder rumble strips on roadways with a shoulder width equal to 5 feet

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.41	-41		Run off road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Torbic et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

0.22 78
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.46 54
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.68 32
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.97 3
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.52 48
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.23 -23
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.92 8
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install shoulder rumble strips on roadways with a shoulder width less than 5 feet

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.66	34		Run off road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Torbic et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

0.35 65
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.21 -21
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install shoulder rumble strips on unilluminated highways
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.79 21
  Run off road
  All Rural Smith and Ivan, 2005 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install shoulder rumble strips with an offset of 0-8 inches relative to the edgeline

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.71	29		Run off road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Torbic et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

0.74 26
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.71 29
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.58 42
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.67 33
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.1 -10
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.75 25
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install shoulder rumble strips with an offset of 21+ inches relative to the edgeline

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.43	57		Run off road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Torbic et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

0.74 26
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.93 7
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.02 -2
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.58 -58
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.28 -28
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.16 -16
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install shoulder rumble strips with an offset of 9-20 inches relative to the edgeline

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.3	-30		Run off road	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Torbic et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

0.62 38
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.49 51
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.02 -2
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.9 10
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
1.06 -6
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.79 21
Run off road
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Torbic et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Subcategory: Other (236)

Countermeasure: Implement shoulder widening in conjunction with shoulder rumble strip installation on freeways
- 0.81 19
  All
  All Not specified Hanley et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Run off road
  All Not specified Hanley et al., 2000 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install a combination of shoulder rumble stripes, shoulder widening (from 0 to 2 ft) and resurface pavement
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  Rural Zhao et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zhao et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Zhao et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  Rural Zhao et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zhao et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Rural Zhao et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zhao et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Rural Zhao et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Rural Zhao et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Head on,Run off road
  Rural Zhao et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Head on,Run off road
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zhao et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Head on,Run off road
  O (property damage only) Rural Zhao et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Head on,Run off road
  Rural Zhao et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Head on,Run off road
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zhao et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Head on,Run off road
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Rural Zhao et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Head on,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zhao et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Head on,Run off road
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Rural Zhao et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Head on,Run off road
  All Rural Zhao et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Head on,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.743 25.7
  Head on,Run off road
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.908 9.2
  Head on,Run off road
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.729 27.1
  Head on,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.891 10.9
  Head on,Run off road
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.877 12.3
  Head on,Run off road
  All Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.784 21.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.927 7.3
  All
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.984 1.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.918 8.2
  All
  All Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.756 24.4
  All
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.547 45.3
  All
  K (fatal) Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.732 26.8
  Head on,Run off road
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  Head on,Run off road
  O (property damage only) Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.822 17.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.882 11.8
  All
  A (serious injury) Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Head on,Run off road
  K (fatal) Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.749 25.1
  Head on,Run off road
  A (serious injury) Rural Zhao et al, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install safety edge treatment
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.628 37.2
  Other
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.655 34.5
  Other
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.651 34.9
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.777 22.3
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.866 13.4
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.764 23.6
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.881 11.9
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.643 35.7
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.759 24.1
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.836 16.4
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.818 18.2
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.695 30.5
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.692 30.8
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.751 24.9
  Head on
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.892 10.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.764 23.6
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.813 18.7
  Head on
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.774 22.6
  All
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  All
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.511 48.9
  All
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Run off road
  O (property damage only) Rural Hallmark et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Non-intersection
  All Rural Hallmark et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Non-intersection
  O (property damage only) Rural Hallmark et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  Run off road
  All Rural Hallmark et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.813 18.7
  Head on,Sideswipe
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Run off road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.892 10.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.651 34.9
  Run off road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.777 22.3
  Run off road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.866 13.4
  Run off road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.764 23.6
  Run off road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.881 11.9
  Run off road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.643 35.7
  Run off road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.759 24.1
  Run off road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.818 18.2
  Run off road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.695 30.5
  Run off road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.692 30.8
  Run off road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.655 34.5
  Other
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.836 16.4
  Run off road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.868 13.201
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.591 40.939
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.757 24.281
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.317 -131.652
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.41 -40.967
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.769 23.123
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.469 -46.895
  Run off road
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.796 -79.564
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.858 14.177
  Run off road
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16.029
  Run off road
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.863 13.721
  Run off road
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 36.972
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.784 21.596
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.794 20.631
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.962 3.845
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.872 12.795
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.929 7.1
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.909 9.08
  Run off road
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.921 7.872
  Run off road
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.918 8.183
  Run off road
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.135 -13.484
  Run off road
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.952 4.786
  Run off road
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.937 6.315
  Run off road
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.808 19.175
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.181 -18.058
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.036 -3.609
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.537 46.332
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.125 -12.464
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.836 16.402
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.2 -20.037
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.026 -2.622
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.948 5.16
  Run off road
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.798 20.225
  Run off road
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.885 11.524
  Run off road
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.035 -3.538
  Run off road
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.312 -31.229
  Run off road
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.129 -12.878
  Run off road
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.926 7.374
  Run off road
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.898 10.162
  Run off road
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.897 10.293
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.909 9.13
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.934 6.603
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.912 8.759
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.197 -19.733
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.874 12.586
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.955 4.455
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.944 5.587
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.849 15.135
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.184 -18.357
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.052 -5.202
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.575 42.488
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.615 38.503
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.934 6.579
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.509 -50.902
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.052 -5.23
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.953 4.676
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.975 2.55
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.129 -12.894
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.892 10.829
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.923 7.732
  All
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.886 11.361
  All
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.932 6.817
  All
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.845 15.524
  All
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.269 -26.942
  All
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.002 -0.235
  All
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.935 6.516
  All
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.943 5.674
  All
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 10.959
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.156 -15.555
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -5.982
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 44.993
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.905 9.485
  All
  All Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.835 16.528
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.064 -6.361
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.983 1.667
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.974 2.554
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.565 43.548
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.947 5.319
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.921 7.89
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.956 4.435
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.026 -2.553
  Other
  O (property damage only) Rural Graham et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.009 -0.9
  Run off road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.981 1.9
  Run off road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.989 1.1
  All
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.917 8.3
  Run off road
  All Rural Lyon et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.938 6.2
  All
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.048 -4.8
  All
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.989 1.1
  All
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.842 15.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.602 39.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.355 64.5
  Head on
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.172 -17.2
  Head on
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.969 3.1
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.458 54.2
  Head on
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  Head on
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.115 88.5
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.724 27.6
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.343 65.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.986 1.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.972 2.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.917 8.3
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.981 1.9
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.009 -0.9
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.726 27.4
  Other
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.681 31.9
  Other
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Non-intersection
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hallmark et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hallmark et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.892 10.8
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.648 35.2
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.016 -1.6
  Run off road
  All Rural Donnell et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install safety edge treatment with 1-2 ft. lane widening

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.53	47		Other	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Galgamuwa, U. and S. Dissanayake., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

0.65 35
Other
All All Galgamuwa, U. and S. Dissanayake., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.6 40
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Galgamuwa, U. and S. Dissanayake., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.51 49
All
All All Galgamuwa, U. and S. Dissanayake., 2018 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install shoulder rumble stripe, widen shoulder from 0 to 2 feet, and pavement resurfacing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.547 45.3
  All
  K (fatal) Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.882 11.8
  All
  A (serious injury) Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.756 24.4
  All
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.984 1.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.822 17.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.927 7.3
  All
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.784 21.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.918 8.2
  All
  All Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Head on,Run off road
  K (fatal) Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.749 25.1
  Head on,Run off road
  A (serious injury) Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.732 26.8
  Head on,Run off road
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.729 27.1
  Head on,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.891 10.9
  Head on,Run off road
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.877 12.3
  Head on,Run off road
  All Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  Head on,Run off road
  O (property damage only) Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Head on,Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.743 25.7
  Head on,Run off road
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.908 9.2
  Head on,Run off road
  B (minor injury),C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Rural CH2M Hill, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install shoulder rumble strips and widen shoulder
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.608 39.2
  All
  All Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.541 45.9
  Run off road,Single vehicle
  All Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.611 38.9
  Run off road,Single vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.351 64.9
  All
  All Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.451 54.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.807 19.3
  All
  All Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.839 16.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Park et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install shoulder rumble strips and widen shoulder width
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.4 60
  Run off road
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.4 60
  Run off road
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.48 52
  All
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Provide 2 ft. paved shoulders with asphalt resurfacing and/or shoulder rumble strips

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.69	31		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Galgamuwa, U. and S. Dissanayake., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

0.96 4
All
All All Galgamuwa, U. and S. Dissanayake., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.53 47
Other
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Galgamuwa, U. and S. Dissanayake., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.55 45
Other
All All Galgamuwa, U. and S. Dissanayake., 2018 Partial access control[read more]

Category: Signs (179)

Subcategory: None (179)

Countermeasure: Advance static curve warning signs

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.7	30		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Partial access control[read more]

0.92 8
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Advance street name signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.897 10.3
  Sideswipe
  All All Gross, Lefler, Lyon, and Eccles, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.984 1.6
  All
  All All Gross, Lefler, Lyon, and Eccles, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Gross, Lefler, Lyon, and Eccles, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  All
  All All Gross, Lefler, Lyon, and Eccles, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  Rear end
  All All Gross, Lefler, Lyon, and Eccles, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Improve Curve Delineation

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.82	18		Non-intersection	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Srinivasan et al., 2009	Partial access control[read more]

0.725 27.5
Non-intersection
All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.746 25.4
Head on,Non-intersection,Run off road,Sideswipe
All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.914 8.6
Non-intersection
All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
0.903 9.7
Head on,Non-intersection,Run off road,Sideswipe
All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install a "Vehicles Entering When Flashing" (VEWF) system (advance post mounted signs on major and loops on minor)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.73 27
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Simpson and Troy, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  Angle,Head on,Left turn,Right turn
  All All Simpson and Troy, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  All
  All All Simpson and Troy, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All Simpson and Troy, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install a "Vehicles Entering When Flashing" (VEWF) system (combination of overhead and advance post mounted signs)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.75 25
  All
  All All Simpson and Troy, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Angle,Head on,Left turn,Right turn
  All All Simpson and Troy, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Simpson and Troy, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.24 76
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All Simpson and Troy, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install a "Vehicles Entering When Flashing" (VEWF) system (overhead signs at intersection on major and loops on minor)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.61 39
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All Simpson and Troy, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Simpson and Troy, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  Angle,Head on,Left turn,Right turn
  All All Simpson and Troy, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  All
  All All Simpson and Troy, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install a "Vehicles Entering When Flashing" (VEWF) system (overhead signs at intersection on minor and loops on major)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1 0
  Angle,Head on,Left turn,Right turn
  All All Simpson and Troy, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  All All Simpson and Troy, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All Simpson and Troy, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Simpson and Troy, 2013 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install a combination of chevron signs, curve warning signs, and/or sequential flashing beacons
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.545 45.5
  Wet road
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.764 23.6
  Run off road
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.582 41.8
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.49 51
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.265 73.5
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.577 42.3
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.506 49.4
  Wet road
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.606 39.4
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.592 40.8
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.607 39.3
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.529 47.1
  Wet road
  All All Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.672 32.8
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.585 41.5
  Run off road
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.469 53.1
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.568 43.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.478 52.2
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.21 79
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.575 42.5
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.535 46.5
  Wet road
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.42 58
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.445 55.5
  Run off road
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.608 39.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.381 61.9
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.746 25.4
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.635 36.5
  Angle
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.511 48.9
  Wet road
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.728 27.2
  Run off road
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.612 38.8
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.757 24.3
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.638 36.2
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.43 57
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.715 28.5
  Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Rear to rear,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.809 19.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.677 32.3
  Angle,Fixed object,Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Head on,Rear end,Rear to rear,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.526 -52.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.023 -2.3
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.976 2.4
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.086 -8.6
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.616 38.4
  Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Rear to rear,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.867 13.3
  Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Rear to rear,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.976 2.4
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Run off road
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  Angle,Fixed object,Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Head on,Rear end,Rear to rear,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.266 -26.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install Advance Downgrade Warning Sign
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.866 13.4
  Truck related
  All Rural Moomen et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install advance warning signs (positive guidance)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.65 35
  Angle
  All Urban Polanis, 1999 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install an intersection conflict warning system (ICWS) with a combination of overhead and advanced post mounted signs (various messages) and flashers
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.704 29.6
  All
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.742 25.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.697 30.3
  Angle
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install an intersection conflict warning system (ICWS) with overhead signs (various messages) and flashers at the intersection on major; loop on minor
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.807 19.3
  Angle
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install an intersection conflict warning system (ICWS) with overhead signs (various messages) and flashers at the intersection on minor; loop on major
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.892 10.8
  All
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.944 5.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.084 -8.4
  Angle
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install an intersection conflict warning system (ICWS) with post mounted signs (various messages) and flashers at the intersection on minor; loop on major
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.69 31
  All
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.886 11.4
  All
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.064 -6.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.247 -24.7
  Angle
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.763 23.7
  Angle
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.896 10.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install an intersection conflict warning system (ICWS) with post mounted signs (various messages) and flashers in advance of the intersection on major; loop on minor
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.519 48.1
  All
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.769 23.1
  Angle
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.745 25.5
  All
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.734 26.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.454 54.6
  Angle
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install chevron signs and curve warning signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.694 30.6
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.564 43.6
  Run off road
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.464 53.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.489 51.1
  Wet road
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.556 44.4
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.592 40.8
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.764 23.6
  Angle,Fixed object,Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Head on,Rear end,Rear to rear,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.463 -46.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install chevron signs on horizontal curves
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.75 25
  Nighttime,Non-intersection
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  Head on,Nighttime,Non-intersection,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Non-intersection
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Srinivasan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Non-intersection
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Head on,Non-intersection,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.406 59.4
  Wet road
  All All Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.291 -29.1
  Angle,Fixed object,Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Head on,Rear end,Rear to rear,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.974 2.6
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.92 -92
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.271 -27.1
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  Run off road
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.834 16.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.463 -46.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.721 27.9
  All
  All Choi et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Run off road
  All Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  Run off road
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Dissanayake and Galgamuwa, 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.36 64
  All
  All Urban Lalani, N., 1991 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install chevron signs, curve warning signs, and sequential flashing beacons
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.627 37.3
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.438 56.2
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.231 76.9
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.524 47.6
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.564 43.6
  Wet road
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.518 48.2
  Run off road
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.533 46.7
  Angle,Fixed object,Frontal and opposing direction sideswipe,Head on,Rear end,Rear to rear,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.618 38.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.477 52.3
  All
  All Not specified Montella, 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install combination horizontal alignment/ advisory speed signs

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.87	13		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not Specified	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Partial access control[read more]

0.71 29
All
O (property damage only) Not Specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install drowsy driving signs (drowsy driving crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.371 62.9
  All
  All Schultz et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.776 22.4
  All
  All Schultz et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install improved advance freeway guidance signage
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.69 31
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  All
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 2 -100
  Rear end
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install intersection conflict warning systems (ICWS) for four-lane at two-lane intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.8 20
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  All
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Angle
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  Angle
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  All
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Angle
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Angle
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install intersection conflict warning systems (ICWS) for two-lane at two-lane intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.73 27
  All
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Angle
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Angle
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.53 47
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  All
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.95 -95
  Angle
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.09 -9
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Angle
  All Rural Himes et al, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install new fluorescent curve signs or upgrade existing curve signs to fluorescent sheeting
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.82 18
  Non-intersection
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  Non-intersection
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Srinivasan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.65 35
  Nighttime,Non-intersection
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  Head on,Nighttime,Non-intersection,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Head on,Non-intersection,Run off road,Sideswipe
  All Rural Srinivasan et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install oversized chevron signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.946 5.4
  All
  All Not specified Lyon et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Lyon et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Lyon et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.731 26.9
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Lyon et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.756 24.4
  Other
  All Not specified Lyon et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.061 -6.1
  Run off road
  All Not specified Lyon et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.852 14.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Lyon et al., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install sequential dynamic chevrons
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.56 44
  Non-intersection
  All Rural Hallmark, S., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.4 60
  Non-intersection
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hallmark, S., 2017 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install signs to conform to MUTCD
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.85 15
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]

Category: Speed management (307)

Subcategory: None (307)

Countermeasure: 10% reduction in mean speed
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.68 32
  All
  K (fatal) All Elvik et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Elvik et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  All
  O (property damage only) All Elvik et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 15% reduction in mean speed
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.56 44
  All
  K (fatal) All Elvik et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Elvik et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  All
  O (property damage only) All Elvik et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 5% increase in mean speed
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.19 -19
  All
  K (fatal) All Elvik et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.08 -8
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Elvik et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  All
  O (property damage only) All Elvik et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 5% reduction in mean speed
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.83 17
  All
  K (fatal) All Elvik et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Elvik et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  O (property damage only) All Elvik et al., 2004 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Adjacent to roads with speed humps

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.95	5		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and Suburban	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Apply converging chevron pattern markings on roadway segments
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.68 32
  All
  All Urban Griffin, L. I. and Reinhardt, R. N., 1996 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Area-wide or corridor-specific traffic calming
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.89 11
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change 85th percentile speed from X to Y
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Rural Ksaibati et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change freeway speed limit from X to Y mph
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Chen et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change mean speed (km/hr)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Acqua and Russo, 2010	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Acqua and Russo, 2010 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change posted speed limit from X MPH to Y MPH
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Raihan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Raihan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Raihan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Raihan et al., 2019 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change speed limit
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  Other
  All Urban Stokes et al., 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Decreasing posted speed limit on expressways
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.8553 14.4
  All
  All Not specified Park et al. (2010), 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7915 20.8
  All
  C (possible injury),O (property damage only) Not specified Park et al. (2010), 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.0358 -3.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Not specified Park et al. (2010), 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9123 8.8
  Speed related
  All Not specified Park et al. (2010), 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement speed limit of 50 mph or greater
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  2.27 -127
  All
  All Urban Baird et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase speed limit from 55 mph to 60 mph
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.071 -7.1
  All
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.832 16.8
  All
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.852
  All
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.039 -3.9
  Run off road
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.967 3.3
  Head on
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.045 -4.5
  All
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.085 -8.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.088 -8.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.407 -40.7
  Angle
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.139 -13.9
  Rear end
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.851 14.9
  Sideswipe
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.911 8.9
  All
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.541 45.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.625 37.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.152 -15.2
  Angle
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.943 5.7
  Rear end
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.046 -4.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.912 8.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.078 -7.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.837 16.3
  Angle
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.079 -7.9
  Rear end
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Sideswipe
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.062 -6.2
  All
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.117 -11.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.941 5.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.057 -5.7
  Angle
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.348 -34.8
  Rear end
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.869 13.1
  Sideswipe
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.04 -4
  All
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.084 -8.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.166 -16.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.32 -32
  Angle
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.154 -15.4
  Rear end
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.846 15.4
  Sideswipe
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.861 13.9
  All
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.479 52.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.654 34.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  Angle
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.937 6.3
  Rear end
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.968 3.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.921 7.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.094 -9.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Angle
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.083 -8.3
  Rear end
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.887 11.3
  Sideswipe
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  All
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.913 8.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.817 18.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Angle
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Rear end
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.955 4.5
  All
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.988 1.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.023 -2.3
  Angle
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.134 -13.4
  Rear end
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.812 18.8
  Sideswipe
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.934 6.6
  All
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.967 3.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.071 -7.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.974 2.6
  Angle
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.093 -9.3
  Rear end
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.807 19.3
  Sideswipe
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.029 -2.9
  All
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.025 -2.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.625 37.5
  Sideswipe
  All Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.995 0.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Rural Saleem et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase speed limit from 65 mph to 70 mph
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.237 -23.7
  All
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.918 8.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.941 5.9
  Run off road
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.158 -15.8
  Run off road
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.544 -54.4
  Truck related
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.099 -9.9
  All
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.234 -23.4
  Truck related
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.098 -9.8
  All
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.913 8.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.007 -0.7
  All
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.038 -3.8
  All
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.954 4.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.976 2.4
  Run off road
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.076 -7.6
  Truck related
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.986 1.4
  Run off road
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.007 -0.7
  All
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.934 6.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.005 -0.5
  Truck related
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.017 -1.7
  Run off road
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.027 97.3
  Truck related
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.997 0.3
  All
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.118 -11.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.988 1.2
  Truck related
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.006 -0.6
  All
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.997 0.3
  All
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  Run off road
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.012 -1.2
  Truck related
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.093 -9.3
  Truck related
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.937 6.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.013 -1.3
  Truck related
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.913 8.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.958 4.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.955 4.5
  Run off road
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.986 1.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.968 3.2
  Run off road
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.017 -1.7
  Run off road
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.239 -23.9
  All
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  All
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.874 12.6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.982 1.8
  Truck related
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.207 -20.7
  Truck related
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.897 10.3
  Run off road
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.141 -14.1
  Run off road
  All Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.035 -3.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural , 2018 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase speed limit from X to Y mph

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Truck related	All	Not specified	Zhenyu Wang, Bin Cao, Weiping Deng, Jian John Lu, and Zhao Zhang, 2011	Partial access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
Rear end
All Urban and suburban Wei and Tarko, 2011 Partial access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle
All Urban and suburban Wei and Tarko, 2011 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase speed limit of major road of a 4-leg signalized intersection from less than 50 km/h to greater than or equal to 50 km/h (motorcycle crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  2.19 -119
  All
  All Urban Haque et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase speed limit of minor road of a signalized T intersection from less than 50 km/h to greater than or equal to 50 km/h (motorcycle crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  3.57 -257
  All
  All Urban Haque et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install 10 mph differential speed limit on rural Interstate Highways
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.914 8.56
  All,Truck related
  All Rural Dixon et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install speed humps

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.6	40		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and Suburban	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Partial access control[read more]

0.5 50
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and Suburban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install transverse rumble strips as traffic calming device
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.66 34
  All
  All Urban and Suburban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and Suburban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 28
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and Suburban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install variable speed limit signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.92 8
  All
  All Urban Bham et al., 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of fixed combined speed and red light cameras
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.72 28
  All
  All All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.44 -44
  Rear end
  All All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Sideswipe
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Sideswipe
  All All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  All
  All All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.38 -38
  Rear end
  All All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.44 -44
  Rear end
  All All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.44 -44
  Rear end
  All All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.42 -42
  Rear end
  All All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Angle,Left turn
  All All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.33 -33
  Rear end
  All Rural De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.7 -70
  Rear end
  All Urban De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  Angle,Left turn
  All All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.57 -57
  Rear end
  All All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.61 -61
  Rear end
  All All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.34 -34
  Rear end
  All All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.14 -14
  Angle,Left turn
  All Urban De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Angle,Left turn
  All Rural De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Angle,Left turn
  All All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  Angle,Left turn
  All All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  Angle,Left turn
  All All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  Angle,Left turn
  All All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  Angle,Left turn
  All All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of fixed speed cameras
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.68 32
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.39 61
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.61 39
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.48 52
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.61 39
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.61 39
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.46 -46
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Hoye, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  All
  All Urban Novoa et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.08 -8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.14 -14
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.27 -27
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.07 -7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1 0
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All De Pauw et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  All
  All Urban Novoa et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Lower posted speed
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.8273 17.27
  All
  K (fatal), A (serious injury) Not specified Seung-oh et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9505 4.95
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Seung-oh et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6993 30.07
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Not specified Seung-oh et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.856 14.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Seung-oh et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  All
  All All Parker, 1997 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  All
  All All Parker, 1997 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Lower posted speed by 10 mph
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.96 4
  All
  All All Parker, 1997 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Lower posted speed by 15-20 mph
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.94 6
  All
  All All Parker, 1997 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Lower posted speed by 5 mph
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.17 -17
  All
  All All Parker, 1997 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Lower posted speed from 160 km/h to 140 km/h
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.6674 33.26
  All
  B (minor injury) Not specified Abdelany et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9655 3.45
  All
  A (serious injury) Not specified Abdelany et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.066 -6.6
  All
  K (fatal) Not specified Abdelany et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8435 15.65
  All
  All Not specified Abdelany et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9591 4.09
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Abdelany et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9806 1.94
  All
  B (minor injury) Not specified Abdelany et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8301 16.99
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Abdelany et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8172 18.28
  All
  A (serious injury) Not specified Abdelany et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.5561 44.39
  All
  K (fatal) Not specified Abdelany et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.8321 16.79
  All
  All Not specified Abdelany et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Lower posted speed from 60 km/h to 50 km/h
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.68 32
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Lower posted speed from 80 km/h to 60 km/h
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.44 56
  Parking related
  K (fatal) Rural Jaarsma et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Truck related
  K (fatal) Rural Jaarsma et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Non-intersection
  K (fatal) Rural Jaarsma et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  K (fatal) Rural Jaarsma et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Fixed object
  K (fatal) Rural Jaarsma et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Head on
  K (fatal) Rural Jaarsma et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Lower posted speed from 80 km/h to 60 km/h at intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.53 47
  Angle
  K (fatal) Rural Jaarsma et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  All
  K (fatal) Rural Jaarsma et al., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Lower posted speed from 90 km/h to 70 km/h
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.67 33
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban De Pauw et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Non-intersection
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban De Pauw et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Non-intersection
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban De Pauw et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban De Pauw et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban De Pauw et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban De Pauw et al., 2012 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Lower posted speed limit from 50 kph to 40 kph
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.74 26
  All
  All Urban Islam and El-Basyouny, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.501 49.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Islam and El-Basyouny, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.821 17.9
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Islam and El-Basyouny, 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Raise posted speed
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.21 -21
  Run off road
  All Urban Kwayu et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.132 -13.2
  Run off road
  All Urban Kwayu et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.058 -5.8
  All
  All Urban Kwayu et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.247 -24.7
  All
  All Urban Kwayu et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.081 -8.1
  All
  All Urban Kwayu et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.111 -11.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Tarek Sayed, Emanuele Sacchi, 2016 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.102 -10.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Urban Kwayu et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.13 -13
  Cross median
  All Not specified Savolainen et al., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  All
  All All Parker, 1997 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  All
  All All Parker, 1997 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Raise posted speed by 10-15 mph
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.85 15
  All
  All All Parker, 1997 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Raise posted speed by 5 mph
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.92 8
  All
  All All Parker, 1997 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Set posted speed limit 10 mph below engineering recommendations

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.42	-42		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Vikash, V.G., E.T. Donnell, Z. Yu, and L.Li., 2018	Partial access control[read more]

0.66 34
All
O (property damage only) Rural Vikash, V.G., E.T. Donnell, Z. Yu, and L.Li., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
0.84 16
All
All Rural Vikash, V.G., E.T. Donnell, Z. Yu, and L.Li., 2018 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Set posted speed limit 15 mph below engineering recommendations
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.21 -21
  All
  All Rural Vikash, V.G., E.T. Donnell, Z. Yu, and L.Li., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.72 -72
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Vikash, V.G., E.T. Donnell, Z. Yu, and L.Li., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.12 -12
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Vikash, V.G., E.T. Donnell, Z. Yu, and L.Li., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Set posted speed limit 25 mph below engineering recommendations
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.37 -37
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Vikash, V.G., E.T. Donnell, Z. Yu, and L.Li., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.64 -64
  All
  All Rural Vikash, V.G., E.T. Donnell, Z. Yu, and L.Li., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 4.57 -357
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Vikash, V.G., E.T. Donnell, Z. Yu, and L.Li., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Set posted speed limit 5 mph below engineering recommendations
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.44 56
  All
  All Rural Vikash, V.G., E.T. Donnell, Z. Yu, and L.Li., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Vikash, V.G., E.T. Donnell, Z. Yu, and L.Li., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.43 57
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Vikash, V.G., E.T. Donnell, Z. Yu, and L.Li., 2018 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Traffic calming
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.68 32
  All
  All Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Transverse bar pavement marking at roundabout approaches

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.43	57		Speed related	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Griffin and Reinhardt, 1996	Partial access control[read more]

0.53 47
Speed related
Not specified Not specified Griffin and Reinhardt, 1996 Partial access control[read more]
0.48 52
Speed related
Not specified Griffin and Reinhardt, 1996 Partial access control[read more]
0.34 66
Speed related
Not specified Not specified Griffin and Reinhardt, 1996 Partial access control[read more]
0.32 68
Speed related,Wet road
Not specified Not specified Griffin and Reinhardt, 1996 Partial access control[read more]
0.55 45
Speed related
Not specified Not specified Griffin and Reinhardt, 1996 Partial access control[read more]
0.26 74
Speed related
Not specified Griffin and Reinhardt, 1996 Partial access control[read more]

Category: Transit (40)

Subcategory: None (40)

Countermeasure: Implement transit lane priority (at transit-serviced locations)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.806 19.4
  All
  All Naznin et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement transit signal and lane priority (at transit-serviced locations)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.836 16.4
  All
  All Naznin et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement transit signal priority
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.841 15.9
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Song and Noyce, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.873 12.7
  All
  All Urban Song and Noyce, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.949 5.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Song and Noyce, 2018 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  All Urban Alluri et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Alluri et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Alluri et al., 2020 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.928 7.2
  All
  Not specified Urban Ali et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.781 21.9
  Angle
  Not specified Urban Ali et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  All Urban and suburban Ali et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Ali et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Ali et al., 2022 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  Sideswipe
  Not specified Urban Ali et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.948 5.2
  Rear end
  Not specified Urban Ali et al., 2021 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install Platform Tram Stops

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.571	42.9		Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Naznin et al., 2015	Partial access control[read more]

0.191 80.9
Vehicle/pedestrian
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Naznin et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
0.193 80.7
Vehicle/pedestrian
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Naznin et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
0.142 85.8
Vehicle/pedestrian
K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Naznin et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
0.159 84.1
Vehicle/pedestrian
K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban Naznin et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Install transit signal priority (TSP) technology (at transit-serviced locations)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.32 -31.8
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.28 -28.4
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.861 13.9
  All
  All Naznin et al., 2015 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install transit signal priority (TSP) technology (transit-related crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.26 -26
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.52 -51.5
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Installation of new streetcar platforms at unprotected stops
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.38 62
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Currie and Reynolds, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.77 -77
  Vehicle/pedestrian
  All Urban Currie and Reynolds, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  All Urban Currie and Reynolds, 2010 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of bus stops (bike crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.18 81.91
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Oh et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of far-side transit stop location (transit-related crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.55 45
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of near-side transit stop location (transit-related crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.38 -38.2
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.85 -84.8
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of transit service
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.32 -31.9
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.31 -30.8
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Use of bus as public transit type rather than streetcar
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.73 -73.1
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.67 -66.7
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.23 -23.1
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.24 -23.8
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Use of bus as public transit type rather than streetcar (transit-related crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.55 45.3
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Use of bus as public transit type rather than streetcar (transit-serviced locations)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.87 13.8
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]

Category: Work zone (86)

Subcategory: None (86)

Countermeasure: Active work with no lane closure (compared to no work zone)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.19 -19
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.13 -13
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.17 -17
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.41 -41
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.39 -39
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.4 -40
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.39 -39
  All
  All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.32 -32
  All
  All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.3 -30
  All
  All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.31 -31
  All
  All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.26 -126
  Nighttime
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.45 -45
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.34 -34
  Nighttime
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.4 -40
  Nighttime
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.41 -41
  Nighttime
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.36 -36
  Nighttime
  O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.37 -37
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.23 -23
  Nighttime
  O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 2.04 -104
  Nighttime
  O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.67 -67
  Nighttime
  O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.64 -64
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.29 -29
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.8 -80
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.58 -58
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.168 -16.8
  All
  All All Ozturk et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.078 -7.8
  All
  All All Ozturk et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.214 -21.4
  All
  O (property damage only) All Ozturk et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.204 -20.4
  All
  All All Ozturk et al., 2014 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Active work with temporary lane closure (compared to no work zone)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.49	-49		Nighttime	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Ullman et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

1.42 -42
Nighttime
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.46 -46
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.9 -90
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.71 -71
Nighttime
O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.66 -66
All
All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.8 -80
Nighttime
O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.75 -75
Nighttime
O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.81 -81
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.77 -77
All
All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.57 -57
Nighttime
All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.65 -65
Nighttime
All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.61 -61
Nighttime
All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.87 -87
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.6 -60
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.63 -63
Nighttime
O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.53 -53
Nighttime
All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.34 -34
Nighttime
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.12 -12
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.26 -26
All
All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.26 -26
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.65 -65
All
All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.32 -32
Nighttime
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.34 -34
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Implement left-hand merge and downstream lane shift (Iowa weave)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  2.24 -124
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural See et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  All
  All Rural See et al., 2009 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement mobile automated speed enforcement system (highly enforced sites)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.863 13.7
  All
  All Cunningham et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase work zone duration
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Khattak and Council, 2002 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increasing the inside shoulder width inside the work zone by one foot
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.97 3
  All
  All Urban Tarko, Andrew P.; Bin Islam, Mouyid ; Thomaz, Jose E., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increasing the outside shoulder width inside the work zone by one foot
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.948 5.2
  All
  All Urban Tarko, Andrew P.; Bin Islam, Mouyid ; Thomaz, Jose E., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
- 1.043 -4.3
  Single vehicle
  All Urban Tarko, Andrew P.; Bin Islam, Mouyid ; Thomaz, Jose E., 2011 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Modify work zone length
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Khattak and Council, 2002 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: No active with no lane closure (compared to no work zone)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.14	-14		Nighttime	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Ullman et al., 2008	Partial access control[read more]

1.11 -11
Nighttime
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.27 -27
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.31 -31
Nighttime
O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.1 -10
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.46 -46
Nighttime
O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.23 -23
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.33 -33
Nighttime
O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.2 -20
All
O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.21 -21
All
All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.24 -24
Nighttime
All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.3 -30
Nighttime
All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.16 -16
All
All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.24 -24
Nighttime
All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.13 -13
All
All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.05 -5
Nighttime
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.11 -11
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
0.94 6
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.11 -11
Nighttime
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.05 -5
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.02 -2
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.13 -13
Nighttime
O (property damage only) Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.09 -9
Nighttime
All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]
1.04 -4
All
All Not specified Ullman et al., 2008 Partial access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Single lane closure
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.56 -56
  All
  All Not specified Dudek et al., 1986 Partial access control[read more]
Countermeasure: TLTWO (two way traffic operations - crossover closures) in work zones
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1 0
  All
  All Not specified Dudek et al., 1986 Partial access control[read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

export all results to Excel

Search Results Without Star Ratings

There were 985 CMFs returned for the original search that do not have star ratings. (view additional results)

CRASH MODIFICATION FACTORS CLEARINGHOUSE

Search Results

Search Results Without Star Ratings