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Category: Access management (56)

Subcategory: None (56)

Countermeasure: Add markings to the major approach of unsignalized 3-leg intersection to serve as a median

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.7	30		All	All	All	Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Add Two-Way-Left-Turn-Lane (TWLTL) to the major approach of an unsignalized 3-leg intersection

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.69	31		All	All	All	Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Add Two-Way-Left-Turn-Lane (TWLTL) to the major approach of an unsignalized 4-leg intersection

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.66	34		All	All	All	Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Change in signal spacing from X 1000's feet to Y 1000's feet

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Sideswipe	All	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010

	F(x)	F(x)		Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle	All	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010

	F(x)	F(x)		Rear end	All	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010

	F(x)	F(x)		Fixed object,Run off road,Single vehicle	All	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010

	F(x)	F(x)		Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle	O (property damage only)	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010

	F(x)	F(x)		Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle	All	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010

	F(x)	F(x)		Rear end	All	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Change in unsignalized cross roads from X to Y unsignalized cross roads per mile

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Sideswipe	All	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010

	F(x)	F(x)		Rear end	All	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010

	F(x)	F(x)		Sideswipe	All	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010

	F(x)	F(x)		Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010

	F(x)	F(x)		Fixed object,Run off road,Single vehicle	All	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010

	F(x)	F(x)		Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle	All	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010

	F(x)	F(x)		Head on	All	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Change number of driveways near signalized intersection from X to Y (bike crashes)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Vehicle/bicycle	All		Oh et al., 2008

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert a 3-leg unsignalized intersection at a driveway to a regular 3-leg unsignalized intersection

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.41	-41		All	All	All	Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert an open median on the major approach to unsignalized 3-leg intersection to a closed median

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.02	-2		All	All	All	Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert an open median to a mixed median on the major approach to a 3-leg unsignalized intersection

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.95	5		All	All	All	Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert an open median to a TWLTL

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.45	-45		All	All	Not specified	Haleem et al., 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert an open median to an undivided median on the major approach to an unsignalized 3-leg intersection

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.85	15		All	All	All	Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert the open median on the major approach of an unsignalized 3-leg intersection to a directional median

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.86	14		All	All	All	Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install median on the minor approach of an unsignalized 3-leg intersection

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.82	18		All	All	All	Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install wide median (>2 m) on major road of a 4-leg signalized intersection (motorcycle crashes)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.2	-20		All	All	Urban	Haque et al., 2010	Only motorcycle related crashes … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Presence of driveway on an intersection approach corner

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.82	18		All	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	0.67	33		All	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	0.79	21		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	0.62	38		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	0.79	21		Rear end	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	0.63	37		Rear end	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	0.83	17		Sideswipe	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	0.69	31		Sideswipe	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	1.03	-3		Angle	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	1.06	-6		Angle	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	1	0		Left turn,Right turn	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	1.01	-1		Left turn,Right turn	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	0.94	6		Nighttime	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	0.87	13		Nighttime	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Presence of driveway on an intersection receiving corner

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.33	-33		All	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	1.76	-76		All	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	1.29	-29		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	1.68	-68		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	1.36	-36		Rear end	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	1.86	-86		Rear end	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	1.31	-31		Sideswipe	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	1.42	-42		Angle	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	2.02	-102		Angle	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	1.29	-29		Nighttime	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	1.67	-67		Nighttime	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	1.71	-71		All	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	1.22	-22		Left turn,Right turn	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

	1.49	-49		Left turn,Right turn	All	Not specified	Le et al., 2018	This CMF is for the … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Shorten left turn lane by X percent at unsignalized median opening

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Fixed object,Rear end,Sideswipe	All	Urban	Chen et al., 2014	In the CMFunction, X is … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Signalize driveway

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	3.98	-298		Other	All	Urban	Stokes et al., 2016	Applies to driveway-related crashes. This … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Category: Advanced technology and ITS (81)

Subcategory: None (81)

Countermeasure: Implement Active Traffic Management Strategies

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.152	-15.2		All	All	Suburban	Dutta et al., 2018	Applies to a segment with … [read more]

	1.159	-15.9		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Suburban	Dutta et al., 2018	Applies to a segment with … [read more]

	1.127	-12.7		Multiple vehicle	All	Suburban	Dutta et al., 2018	Applies to a segment with … [read more]

	1.177	-17.7		Multiple vehicle	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Suburban	Dutta et al., 2018	Applies to a segment with … [read more]

	1.141	-14.1		Rear end	All	Suburban	Dutta et al., 2018	Applies to a segment with … [read more]

	1.109	-10.9		Rear end	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Suburban	Dutta et al., 2018	Applies to a segment with … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install an Adaptive Signal Control Systems (ASCS)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.527	47.3		Other	All		Salek et al., 2021	CMF of secondary crashes. The … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install automated speed camera at signalized intersection

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.01	-1		All	All	Urban and suburban	Izadpanah et al., 2015	CMF for total crashes (activation … [read more]

	1.11	-11		All	O (property damage only)	Urban and suburban	Izadpanah et al., 2015	CMF for PDO crashes (activation … [read more]

	0.68	32		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Izadpanah et al., 2015	CMF for severe (fatal and … [read more]

	0.69	31		Angle	All	Urban and suburban	Izadpanah et al., 2015	CMF for angle crashes (activation … [read more]

	1.09	-9		Rear end	All	Urban and suburban	Izadpanah et al., 2015	CMF for rear-end crashes (activation … [read more]

	0.76	24		Speed related	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Vanlaar, Robertson, and Marcoux, 2011	Study used the time series … [read more]

	0.87	13		Speed related	O (property damage only)	Not specified	Vanlaar, Robertson, and Marcoux, 2011	Study used the time series … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install Box Span Signal

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.975	2.5		Other	All		Yassin et al., 2017	The CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.897	10.3		Other	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)		Yassin et al., 2017	The CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.876	12.4		Angle	All		Yassin et al., 2017	The CMF is for angle … [read more]

	1.097	-9.7		Other	All		Yassin et al., 2017	CMF of intersection crashes for … [read more]

	0.888	11.2		Other	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)		Yassin et al., 2017	CMF of fatal and injury … [read more]

	0.841	15.9		Angle	All		Yassin et al., 2017	CMF of angle crashes for … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install ramp meter

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.64	36		All	All	Urban	Liu and Wang, 2013	The CMF is based on … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install red-light cameras

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.75	25		Angle	All	Urban	Persaud et al., 2005	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.84 ^[B]	16		Angle,Left turn	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Persaud et al., 2005	Countermeasure name changed to match … [read more]

	1.15	-15		Rear end	All	Urban	Persaud et al., 2005	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.24 ^[B]	-24		Rear end	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Persaud et al., 2005	Countermeasure name changed to match … [read more]

	0.916	8.4		All	All	Urban and suburban	Izadpanah et al., 2015	CMF for total crashes … [read more]

	0.623	37.7		Angle	All	Urban and suburban	Izadpanah et al., 2015	CMF for angle crashes … [read more]

	1.077	-7.7		Rear end	All	Urban and suburban	Izadpanah et al., 2015	CMF for rear-end crashes … [read more]

	0.67	34		Angle	All	Urban	Shin and Washington, 2007	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.45	-45		Rear end	All	Urban	Shin and Washington, 2007	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.74	26	Cannot Be Rated (HSM)	Other	All	Urban	Various, 2010	Crash type: right-angle and left-turn … [read more]

	1.18	-18	Cannot Be Rated (HSM)	Rear end	All	Urban	Various, 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install Red-light indicator lights

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.939	6.1		All	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017

	0.856	14.4		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017

	0.905	9.5		Angle	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017

	0.6	40		Left turn	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017

	0.713	28.7		Other	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	This CMF is for "disobey … [read more]

	0.892	10.8		Nighttime	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017

	0.939	6.1		All	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for more than … [read more]

	0.736	26.4		All	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for District 1 … [read more]

	0.934	6.6		All	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for District 5 … [read more]

	0.888	11.2		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for two years … [read more]

	0.856	14.4		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for more than … [read more]

	0.676	32.4		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for District 1 … [read more]

	0.895	10.5		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for District 2 … [read more]

	0.868	13.2		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for District 5 … [read more]

	0.905	9.5		Angle	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for more than … [read more]

	0.756	24.4		Angle	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for District 1 … [read more]

	0.856	14.4		Angle	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for District 5 … [read more]

	0.748	25.2		Other	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disobey signal crashes. Disaggregated CMF … [read more]

	0.784	21.6		Other	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disobey signal crashes. Disaggregated CMF … [read more]

	0.713	28.7		Other	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disobey signal crashes. Disaggregated CMF … [read more]

	0.368	63.2		Other	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disobey signal crashes. Disaggregated CMF … [read more]

	0.797	20.3		Other	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disobey signal crashes. Disaggregated CMF … [read more]

	0.75	25		Other	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disobey signal crashes. Disaggregated CMF … [read more]

	0.749	25.1		All	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for total entering … [read more]

	0.858	14.2		All	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for less than … [read more]

	0.716	28.4		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for total entering … [read more]

	0.916	8.4		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for total entering … [read more]

	0.813	18.7		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for less than … [read more]

	0.873	12.7		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for 20% or … [read more]

	0.749	25.1		Angle	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for total entering … [read more]

	0.608	39.2		Other	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disobey signal crashes. Disaggregated CMF … [read more]

	0.614	38.6		Other	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disobey signal crashes. Disaggregated CMF … [read more]

	1.016	-1.6		Rear end	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017

	1.024	-2.4		All	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for one year … [read more]

	0.963	3.7		All	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for two years … [read more]

	0.995	0.5		All	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for District 2 … [read more]

	0.917	8.3		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for one year … [read more]

	0.989	1.1		Angle	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for one year … [read more]

	0.944	5.6		Angle	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for two years … [read more]

	1.036	-3.6		Angle	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for District 2 … [read more]

	1.018	-1.8		All	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for total entering … [read more]

	0.969	3.1		All	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for 20% or … [read more]

	0.978	2.2		Angle	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for total entering … [read more]

	0.882	11.8		Angle	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for less than … [read more]

	0.913	8.7		Angle	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disaggregated CMF for 20% or … [read more]

	0.911	8.9		Other	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disobey signal crashes. Disaggregated CMF … [read more]

	0.899	10.1		Other	All	Not specified	Himes et al., 2017	Disobey signal crashes. Disaggregated CMF … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Installing red light running (RLR) cameras for four-way signalized intersection

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.774	-77.4		Angle,Rear end,Sideswipe	B (minor injury),O (property damage only)	Urban	Sperley Ross, 2011	- The report compares the … [read more]

	1.23	-23		Angle,Rear end,Sideswipe	B (minor injury),O (property damage only)	Urban	Sperley Ross, 2011	- The report compares the … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Category: Bicyclists (14)

Subcategory: None (14)

Countermeasure: Installation of bicycle lanes at signalized intersections

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.37	-37		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban and suburban	Turner et al., 2011

	0.8	20		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban and suburban	Turner et al., 2011

	0.63	37		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban and suburban	Turner et al., 2011	Crossing crashes at 90 degrees … [read more]

	1.33	-33		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban and suburban	Turner et al., 2011	Crash Type: Cyclist through, left … [read more]

	1.01	-1		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban and suburban	Turner et al., 2011	Crash Type: Rear end & … [read more]

	2.03	-103		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban and suburban	Turner et al., 2011	Crash Type: Cyclist through, right … [read more]

	0.42	58		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban and suburban	Turner et al., 2011	Crash Type: Cyclist through, right … [read more]

	1.02	-2		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban and suburban	Turner et al., 2011	Crash Type: Other (not left-turning, … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Installation of bicycle lanes at signalized intersections with exclusive right turn lanes

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.36	-36		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban and suburban	Turner et al., 2011	note: study was performed in … [read more]

	0.97	3		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban and suburban	Turner et al., 2011	note: study was performed in … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Installation of bicycle lanes at signalized intersections with shared through/right turn lanes

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.4	-40		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban and suburban	Turner et al., 2011	note: study was performed in … [read more]

	0.6	40		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban and suburban	Turner et al., 2011	note: study was performed in … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Installation of colored bicycle lanes at signalized intersections

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.61	39		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban and suburban	Turner et al., 2011	Not much detail is presented … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Presence of crosswalk at signalized intersection (bike crashes)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	8.76	-775.83		Vehicle/bicycle	All		Oh et al., 2008	Only for bicycle-related crashes. … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Category: Highway lighting (3)

Subcategory: None (3)

Countermeasure: increase intersection illuminance from low (< 0.2 fc) to medium (≥ 0.2 fc and <1.1 fc)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.47	53		Nighttime	All	Urban	Wei et al., 2016

	0.48	52		Nighttime	All	Urban	Wei et al., 2016

	0.519	48.1		Other	All	Urban	Wei et al., 2016	CMF is for percent difference … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Category: Intersection geometry (155)

Subcategory: Turn lanes (16)

Countermeasure: Install left-turn lane (signal has left-turn phase)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.65	35		All	All		Rodegerdts et al., 2004

	0.27	73		Head on	All	Urban	Morena et al., 2007	Applies to head-on and left-turn … [read more]

	0.34	66		Head on	All	Urban	Morena et al., 2007	Applies to head-on and left-turn … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install one left-turn lane on both major road directions

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.36	-36		All	All	All	Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install one left-turn lane on the minor approach of an unsignalized 3-leg intersection

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.75	25		All	All	All	Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install right-turn lane on minor road of a signalized T intersection (motorcycle crashes)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.6	-60		All	All	Urban	Haque et al., 2010	Only motorcycle related crashes … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install right-turn lanes on major road of a signalized T intersection (motorcycle crashes)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	2.5	-150		All	All	Urban	Haque et al., 2010	Only motorcycle related crashes … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install uncontrolled left-turn lane on major road of a 4-leg signalized intersection (motorcycle crashes)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.23	-23		All	All	Urban	Haque et al., 2010	Only motorcycle related crashes … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install uncontrolled left-turn lane on major road of a signalized T intersection (motorcycle crashes)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.4	-40		All	All	Urban	Haque et al., 2010	Only motorcycle related crashes … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Installation of left-turn lanes on both major road approaches

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.98	2		All	All	Not specified	Haleem et al., 2010	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.73	27		All	All	All	Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Presence of right turning lane on arterial with signal coordination

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.06	93.6		Rear end	All	Urban and suburban	Wei and Tarko, 2011	The volume is entered as … [read more]

	0.32	68.3		Angle	All	Urban and suburban	Wei and Tarko, 2011	The volume is entered as … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Provide a left-turn lane on one major-road approach

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.61	39		All	All	Not specified	Haleem et al., 2010	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Provide a right-turn lane on one major-road approach

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.8	20		All	All	Not specified	Haleem et al., 2010	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.75	25		All	All	Not specified	Haleem et al., 2010	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Subcategory: Other (23)

Countermeasure: Change number of lanes on major road of a 4-leg signalized intersection from X to Y (motorcycle crashes)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	All	Urban	Haque et al., 2010	Only motorcycle related crashes … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Change number of lanes on minor road of a 4-leg signalized intersection from X to Y (motorcycle crashes)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	All	Urban	Haque et al., 2010	Only motorcycle related crashes … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Change number of lanes on minor road of a signalized T intersection (motorcycle crashes)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	All	Urban	Haque et al., 2010	Only motorcycle related crashes … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert a 3-leg unsignalized intersection at a driveway to a 3-leg unsignalized intersection at a ramp junction

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	2.29	-129		All	All	All	Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert a 4-leg unsignalized intersection at driveways to a regular 4-leg unsignalized intersection

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.11	-11		All	All	All	Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert intersection to restricted crossing U-turn (RCUT) intersection

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.7632	23.68		All	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020

	0.5669	43.31		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020

	0.5726	42.74		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020

	0.5854	41.46		Angle	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020

	0.0667	93.33		Head on	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020

	0.7511	24.89		Rear end	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020

	0.3299	67.01		Other	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Sideswipe … [read more]

	0.8414	15.86		All	O (property damage only)	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020

	1.3079	-30.79		Single vehicle	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020

	0.9291	7.09		Other	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Sideswipe … [read more]

	0.898	10.15		All	All	Rural	Mishra and Pulugurtha, 2021	This CMF is for installation … [read more]

	0.157	84.26		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Mishra and Pulugurtha, 2021	This CMF is for installation … [read more]

	0.689	31.08		All	All	Suburban	Mishra and Pulugurtha, 2021	This CMF is for installation … [read more]

	0.689	31.13		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Suburban	Mishra and Pulugurtha, 2021	This CMF is for installation … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install bicycle lane and/or bicycle slot at intersection

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.27	-27		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban	Alluri et al., 2017	Minor Arterial, Major Collector, and … [read more]

	1.71	-71		Vehicle/bicycle	K (fatal),A (serious injury)	Urban	Alluri et al., 2017	Minor Arterial, Major Collector, and … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Permit through movements from both minor approaches to an intersection instead of from only one minor approach

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.31	69		All	All	Not specified	Haleem et al., 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Presence of an elevated road above intersection

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.58	-58		All	All	Urban	Kun Xie, Xuesong Wang, Helai Huang, Xiahong Chen, 2013	Major road volumes are actually … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Subcategory: Intersection geometry reconfiguration (116)

Countermeasure: Conversion of intersection into multi-lane roundabout

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.99	1		All	All	Not specified	Zhang and Wang, 2017	Signal to multi-lane roundabout The … [read more]

	0.8	20		All	All	Not specified	Zhang and Wang, 2017	Unknown intersection type to multi-lane … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Conversion of signal-controlled intersection to roundabout

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.975	-97.5		All	All	All	, 2011	THREE-LANE roundabout … [read more]

	0.783	21.7		All	All	All	, 2011

	0.3	70		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	, 2011

	0.801	19.9		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	, 2011	THREE-LANE roundabout … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Conversion of signalized intersection into single- or multi-lane roundabout

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.65	35		All	All	Urban	Persaud et al., 2001

	0.26	74		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Persaud et al., 2001

	0.81	19		All	All	Urban and suburban	Gross et al., 2012	Conversion to 2-lane roundabout … [read more]

	1.92	-92		All	All	Not specified	Russo et al., 2014

	0.29	71		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Gross et al., 2012	Conversion to 2 lane roundabout … [read more]

	0.74	26		All	All	Urban and suburban	Gross et al., 2012	Conversion to one lane roundabout … [read more]

	0.45	55		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Gross et al., 2012	Conversion to one lane roundabout … [read more]

	1.16	-16		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Russo et al., 2014

	1.035	-3.5		All	All	Not specified	Hu et al., 2014	The major road was a … [read more]

	0.659	34.1		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Hu et al., 2014	The major road was a … [read more]

	1.132	-13.2		All	O (property damage only)	Not specified	Hu et al., 2014	The major road was a … [read more]

	0.72	28		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	De Pauw et al., 2014	Comparison group 1 (black spots … [read more]

	0.955	4.54		All	All	All	Qin et al., 2013	- Study included three-year before … [read more]

	0.348	65.21		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Qin et al., 2013	- Study included three-year before … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert a conventional signalized intersection to a continuous flow intersection (CFI)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.877	12.3		All	All	Not specified	Zlatkovic, M., 2015

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert a conventional signalized intersection to a signalized superstreet

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.85	15		All	All	Suburban	Hummer & Rao, 2017

	0.78	22		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Suburban	Hummer & Rao, 2017

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert a conventional unsignalized intersection to an unsignalized superstreet

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.41	59		Left turn	All	Rural	Hummer et al., 2010	This CMF was obtained from … [read more]

	0.54	46		All	All	Rural	Hummer et al., 2010	This CMF was obtained from … [read more]

	0.37	63		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Hummer et al., 2010	This CMF was obtained from … [read more]

	0.25	75		Angle,Right turn	All	Rural	Hummer et al., 2010	This CMF was obtained from … [read more]

	0.56	44		All	All	Rural	Inman and Haas, 2012	Although the empirical Bayes method … [read more]

	0.99	1		Rear end	All	Rural	Hummer et al., 2010	This CMF was obtained from … [read more]

	0.87	13		Sideswipe	All	Rural	Hummer et al., 2010	This CMF was obtained from … [read more]

	0.85	15		Other	All	Rural	Hummer et al., 2010	This CMF was obtained from … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert a T intersection into a continuous green T intersection

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.958	4.2		All	All		Wood and Donnell, 2016	The study used weighted negative … [read more]

	0.846	15.4		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)		Wood and Donnell, 2016	The study used weighted negative … [read more]

	0.92	8		Angle,Rear end,Sideswipe	All		Wood and Donnell, 2016	The study used weighted negative … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert intersection to media U-turn (MUT) intersection

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.633	36.7		All	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Type … [read more]

	0.7732	22.68		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Type … [read more]

	0.7548	24.52		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Type … [read more]

	0.5984			All	O (property damage only)	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Type … [read more]

	1.38	-38		Single vehicle	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Type … [read more]

	0.6835	31.65		Angle	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Type … [read more]

	0.1719	82.81		Other	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Head-On … [read more]

	0.5258	47.42		Rear end	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Type … [read more]

	0.6508	34.92		All	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Type … [read more]

	0.7175	28.25		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Type … [read more]

	0.7029	29.71		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Type … [read more]

	0.6296	37.04		All	O (property damage only)	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Type … [read more]

	1.4447	-44.47		Single vehicle	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Type … [read more]

	0.6108	38.92		Angle	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Type … [read more]

	0.1788	82.12		Other	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Head … [read more]

	0.5158	48.42		Rear end	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Type … [read more]

	0.2559	74.41		Head on	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Type … [read more]

	0.3942	60.58		Other	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Rear … [read more]

	0.9155	8.45		Other	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Sideswipe … [read more]

	0.2167	78.33		Other	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Sideswipe … [read more]

	2.2432	-124.32		Other	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Non … [read more]

	0.3342	66.58		Head on	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Type … [read more]

	0.394	60.6		Other	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Rear … [read more]

	1.1316	-13.16		Other	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Sideswipe … [read more]

	0.1269	87.31		Other	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Sideswipe … [read more]

	1.9576	-95.76		Other	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Non … [read more]

	0.9361	6.39		Other	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Rear … [read more]

	1.2337	-23.37		Other	All	Urban and suburban	Al-Omari et al., 2020	This CMF is for Rear … [read more]

	0.438	56.2		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)		Jonathan Kay, Timothy J. Gates, Peter T. Savolainen, and Md Shakir Mahmud, 2022	The paper develops CMFs using … [read more]

	0.686	31.4		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)		Jonathan Kay, Timothy J. Gates, Peter T. Savolainen, and Md Shakir Mahmud, 2022	The paper develops CMFs using … [read more]

	1.325	-32.5		All	O (property damage only)		Jonathan Kay, Timothy J. Gates, Peter T. Savolainen, and Md Shakir Mahmud, 2022	The paper develops CMFs using … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert signalized intersection to modern roundabout

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.79	21		All	All	Urban and suburban	Gross et al., 2012	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.34	66		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Gross et al., 2012	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.58	42		All	All	Suburban	Gross et al., 2012	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.76	24		All	All	Urban and suburban	Gross et al., 2012	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.792	20.8		All	All	Urban and suburban	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.342	65.8		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.809	19.1		All	All	Urban and suburban	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.288	71.2		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.735	26.5		All	All	Urban and suburban	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.451	54.9		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.576	42.4		All	All	Suburban	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.259	74.1		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Suburban	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.445	55.5		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.37	63		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.759	24.1		All	All	Urban and suburban	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.338	66.2		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.4 ^[B]	60		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Rodegerdts et al., 2007	Countermeasure name changed to match … [read more]

	0.33 ^[B]	67		All	All	Suburban	Rodegerdts et al., 2007	Countermeasure name changed to match … [read more]

	0.52 ^[B]	48		All	All	All	Rodegerdts et al., 2007	Countermeasure name changed to match … [read more]

	0.22 ^[B]	78		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Rodegerdts et al., 2007	Countermeasure name changed to match … [read more]

	0.26	74		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Suburban	Gross et al., 2012	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.15	-15		All	All	Urban	Gross et al., 2012	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.45	55		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Gross et al., 2012	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.07	-7		All	All	Urban and suburban	Gross et al., 2012	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.37	63		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Gross et al., 2012	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.34	66		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Gross et al., 2012	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.15	-15		All	All	Urban	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.066	-6.6		All	All	Urban and suburban	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.68	32		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	De Brabander and Vereeck, 2007	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.87	13		All	A (serious injury)	Not specified	De Brabander and Vereeck, 2007	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.69	31		All	B (minor injury)	Not specified	De Brabander and Vereeck, 2007	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.99 ^[B]	1		All	All	Urban	Rodegerdts et al., 2007	Countermeasure name changed to match … [read more]

	0.625	37.5		All	All	Rural	Uddin, Headrick, and Sullivan, 2012	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.4	60		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Uddin, Headrick, and Sullivan, 2012	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert signalized intersection to multi-lane roundabout

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	3.333	-233.3		All	O (property damage only)	Urban and suburban	, 2018

	0.8	20		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	, 2018

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert traffic signals to unconventional median U-turns

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.132	-13.2		All	All	Urban	Leila Azizi and Abdolreza Sheikholeslami, 2013

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert unsignalized intersection to roundabout

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.56	44		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	De Brabander and Vereeck, 2007

	0.8	20		All	A (serious injury)	Not specified	De Brabander and Vereeck, 2007	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.54	46		All	B (minor injury)	Not specified	De Brabander and Vereeck, 2007	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.87	13		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	De Pauw et al., 2014	Comparison group 1 (black spots … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install J-Turn intersection

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.652	34.8		All	All	Rural	Edara et al., 2013

	0.463	53.7		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Edara et al., 2013

	0.57	43		All	O (property damage only)	Rural	Edara et al., 2013

	0.5	50		All	B (minor injury)	Rural	Edara et al., 2013

	0.14	86		All	A (serious injury)	Rural	Edara et al., 2013

	0	100		All	K (fatal)	Rural	Edara et al., 2013

	0.2	80		Angle	All	Rural	Edara et al., 2013

	0	100		Left turn	All	Rural	Edara et al., 2013

	0.412	58.8		Other	All	Rural	Edara et al., 2013

	0.412	58.8		Rear end	All	Rural	Edara et al., 2013

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Category: Intersection traffic control (733)

Subcategory: Turn prohibitions/permissions (18)

Countermeasure: Permit right-turn-on-red

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.6 ^[B]	-60		Right turn	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not Specified	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004

	1.1 ^[B]	-10		Right turn	O (property damage only)	Not Specified	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004

	1.43	-43		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Not specified	Preusser et al., 1982	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	2.08	-108		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Not specified	Preusser et al., 1982	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.57 ^[I]	-57		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Not specified	Preusser et al., 1982	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.81	-81		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Not specified	Preusser et al., 1982	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.82	-82		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Not specified	Preusser et al., 1982	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.73	-73		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Not specified	Preusser et al., 1982	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.8 ^[I]	-80		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Not specified	Preusser et al., 1982	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.43	-43		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Not specified	Preusser et al., 1982	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	2.07	-107		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Not specified	Preusser et al., 1982	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.57	-57		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Not specified	Preusser et al., 1982	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.81	-81		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Not specified	Preusser et al., 1982	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.82	-82		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Not specified	Preusser et al., 1982	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.73	-73		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Not specified	Preusser et al., 1982	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.8	-80		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Not specified	Preusser et al., 1982	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.07 ^[B]	-7		All	All	Not specified	Clark et al., 1983	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.69	-69	Cannot Be Rated (HSM)	Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Not specified	Various, 2010	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Subcategory: Traffic control visibility (89)

Countermeasure: Add 3-inch yellow retroreflective sheeting to signal backplates

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.85	15		All	All	Urban	Sayed et al., 2005	The number of crashes in … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Add additional signal and upgrade to 12-inch lenses

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.69	31		All	All	Urban	Morena et al., 2007	Applies to older driver crashes … [read more]

	0.83	17		All	All	Urban	Morena et al., 2007	Applies to younger driver crashes … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Add signal (additional primary head)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.72	28		All	All	Urban	Felipe et al., 1998	The authors state that "three … [read more]

	0.83	17		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Felipe et al., 1998	The authors state that "three … [read more]

	0.69	31		All	O (property damage only)	Urban	Felipe et al., 1998	The authors state that "three … [read more]

	0.72	28		Rear end	All	Urban	Felipe et al., 1998	The authors state that "three … [read more]

	0.65	35		Angle	All	Urban	Felipe et al., 1998	The authors state that "three … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Implement systemic signing and visibility improvements at signalized intersections

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.955	4.5		All	All	All	Le et al., 2017

	0.893	10.7		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Le et al., 2017

	0.974	2.6		Rear end	All	All	Le et al., 2017

	0.883	11.7		Angle	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF of right-angle crashes … [read more]

	0.969	3.1		Nighttime	All	All	Le et al., 2017

	0.949	5.1		All	All	Urban	Le et al., 2017	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.854	14.6		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Le et al., 2017	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.884	11.6		Angle	All	Urban	Le et al., 2017	CMF for right-angle crashes. The … [read more]

	0.86	14		All	All	All	Le et al., 2017	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.822	17.8		Rear end	All	All	Le et al., 2017	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.908	9.2		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Le et al., 2017	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.881	11.9		Angle	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for right-angle crashes The … [read more]

	0.784	21.6		All	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 2 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.756	24.4		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 2 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.654	34.6		Angle	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for right-angle crashes at … [read more]

	0.911	8.9		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 4 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.917	8.3		Angle	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for right-angle crashes at … [read more]

	0.846	15.4		All	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 4 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.829	17.1		Rear end	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 4 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.732	26.8		All	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 2 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.509	49.1		Angle	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for right-angle crashes at … [read more]

	0.928	7.2		Angle	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for right-angle crashes at … [read more]

	0.96	4		Rear end	All	Urban	Le et al., 2017	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.974	2.6		Nighttime	All	Urban	Le et al., 2017	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.983	1.7		All	All	Rural	Le et al., 2017	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	1.054	-5.4		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Le et al., 2017	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	1.06	-6		Rear end	All	Rural	Le et al., 2017	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.878	12.2		Angle	All	Rural	Le et al., 2017	CMF for right-angle crashes. The … [read more]

	0.938	6.2		Nighttime	All	Rural	Le et al., 2017	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.81	19		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Le et al., 2017	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.895	10.5		Angle	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for right-angle crashes The … [read more]

	1.044	-4.4		Nighttime	All	All	Le et al., 2017	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.972	2.8		All	All	All	Le et al., 2017	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	1	0		Rear end	All	All	Le et al., 2017	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.955	4.5		Nighttime	All	All	Le et al., 2017	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.866	13.4		Rear end	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 2 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.884	11.6		Nighttime	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 2 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.978	2.2		All	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 4 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.988	1.2		Rear end	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 4 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.98	2		Nighttime	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 4 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.901	9.9		All	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 2 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.771	22.9		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 2 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.794	20.6		Rear end	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 2 mainline lanes … [read more]

	1.104	-10.4		Angle	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for right-angle crashes at … [read more]

	0.809	19.1		Nighttime	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 2 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.819	18.1		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 4 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.833	16.7		Angle	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for right-angle crashes at … [read more]

	1.128	-12.8		Nighttime	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 4 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.746	25.4		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 2 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.895	10.5		Rear end	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 2 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.914	8.6		Angle	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 2 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.998	0.2		All	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 4 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.926	7.4		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 4 mainline lanes … [read more]

	1.011	-1.1		Rear end	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 4 mainline lanes … [read more]

	0.958	4.2		Nighttime	All	All	Le et al., 2017	CMF for 4 mainline lanes … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Improve signal visibility

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.71	29		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	El-Basyouny and Sayed, 2011	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.79	21		All	O (property damage only)	Urban	El-Basyouny and Sayed, 2011	The number of crashes in … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Improve signal visibility, including signal lens size upgrade, installation of new back-plates, addition of reflective tapes to existing back-plates, and installation of additional signal heads

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.902	9.8		Nighttime	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	El-Basyouny et al., 2012	3 CMF sets are presented: … [read more]

	0.901	9.9		Day time	O (property damage only)	Urban	El-Basyouny et al., 2012	3 CMF sets are presented: … [read more]

	0.867	13.3		Nighttime	O (property damage only)	Urban	El-Basyouny et al., 2012	3 CMF sets are presented: … [read more]

	1.004	-0.4		Day time	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	El-Basyouny et al., 2012	3 CMF sets are presented: … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Improve visibility of signal heads

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.93	7		All	All	Urban	Sayed et al., 2007	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.97	3		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Sayed et al., 2007	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.91	9		All	O (property damage only)	Urban	Sayed et al., 2007	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.94	6		All	All	Urban	Sayed et al., 2007	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.93	7		Nighttime	All	Urban	Sayed et al., 2007	The number of crashes in … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install dual red signal lenses

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.05	-5		Angle	All		Srinivasan et al., 2008

	1.18	-18		All	All		Srinivasan et al., 2008

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install dynamic signal warning flashers

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.814	18.6		All	All	All	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Average major and minor road … [read more]

	0.792	20.8		Rear end	All	All	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Average major and minor road … [read more]

	0.745	25.5		Angle	All	All	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Average major and minor road … [read more]

	0.82	18		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Average major and minor road … [read more]

	0.956	4.4		Truck related	All	All	Srinivasan, et al., 2011	Average major and minor road … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install larger signal lenses (12 inch)

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.54	46		Angle	All	Urban	Polanis, 1999	The number of crashes in … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Installation of an actuated advance warning dilemma zone protection system at high-speed signalized intersections

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.564	43.6		Angle	All	Not specified	Appiah et al., 2011

	0.988	1.2		Rear end	All	Not specified	Appiah et al., 2011

	0.887	11.3		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Appiah et al., 2011

	0.995	0.5		Truck related	All	Not specified	Appiah et al., 2011

	0.918	8.2		All	All	Not specified	Appiah et al., 2011

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Replace 8-inch red signal heads with 12-inch

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.58	42		Angle	All		Srinivasan et al., 2008

	0.97	3		All	All		Srinivasan et al., 2008

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Subcategory: Traffic control type (270)

Countermeasure: Change number of all-way stop intersections from X to Y

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury)	Urban	Ukkusuri et al., 2011

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Change number of signalized intersections from X to Y

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury)	Urban	Ukkusuri et al., 2011

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Change traffic signal spacing from X to Y signals per mile

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	All	Urban	Schultz et al., 2008

	F(x)	F(x)		Angle	All	Urban	Schultz et al., 2008

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Convert from yield signal control to signalized control

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.64	36		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.77	23		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.49	51		Angle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.76	24		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.8	20		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.7	30		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.79	21		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.79	21		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.61	39		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.25	75		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.52	48		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.59	41		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.66	34		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.72	28		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.45	55		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.62	38		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.71	29		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.76	24		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	1.34	-34		Single vehicle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.83	17		Single vehicle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	2.06	-106		Single vehicle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0	100		Single vehicle	All		Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	1.37	-37		Head on,Rear end	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	1.9	-90		Head on,Rear end	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	1.01	-1		Head on,Rear end	All		Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	1.34	-34		Left turn,Right turn	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.98	2		Left turn,Right turn	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	1.65	-65		Left turn,Right turn	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	1.48	-48		Left turn,Right turn	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.16	84		Angle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.25	75		Angle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.14	86		Angle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0	100		Angle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.84	16		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.71	29		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.94	6		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0	100		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.7	30		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.86	14		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.59	41		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	3.21	-221		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.74	26		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.46	54		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.91	9		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0	100		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.5	50		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.65	35		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.48	52		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.14	86		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.9	10		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.8	20		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.87	13		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	1	0		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.99	1		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.89	11		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.82	18		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for main … [read more]

	0.93	7		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for main … [read more]

	0.97	3		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for main … [read more]

	0.92	8		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for main … [read more]

	0.96	4		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for minor … [read more]

	0.84	16		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for minor … [read more]

	0.75	25		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for minor … [read more]

	1.12	-12		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for minor … [read more]

	1.27	-27		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for minor … [read more]

	0.85	15		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.8	20		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.84	16		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.92	8		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	1.11	-11		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.98	2		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for end-crossroad … [read more]

	0.96	4		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for end-crossroad … [read more]

	1.06	-6		All	All	Not specified	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for end-crossroad … [read more]

	0.92	8		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for end-crossroad … [read more]

	0.95	5		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.71	29		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.97	3		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.99	1		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	1.06	-6		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.88	12		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.76	24		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.82	18		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	1	0		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.97	3		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.97	3		Single vehicle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	1.03	-3		Single vehicle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.92	8		Single vehicle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.82	18		Head on,Rear end	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.9	10		Head on,Rear end	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.79	21		Head on,Rear end	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.9	10		Left turn,Right turn	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	1.01	-1		Left turn,Right turn	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.82	18		Left turn,Right turn	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.72	28		Angle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.75	25		Angle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.68	32		Angle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.68	32		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.67	33		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.69	31		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.81	19		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	1.04	-4		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.7	30		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.62	38		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.65	35		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.62	38		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.87	13		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.85	15		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.86	14		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for roadway … [read more]

	0.81	19		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.74	26		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.81	19		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.97	3		Single vehicle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	1.03	-3		Single vehicle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.93	7		Single vehicle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.89	11		Head on,Rear end	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	1.03	-3		Head on,Rear end	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.83	17		Head on,Rear end	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	1.01	-1		Left turn,Right turn	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	1	0		Left turn,Right turn	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	1.01	-1		Left turn,Right turn	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.56	44		Angle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.46	54		Angle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.76	24		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.77	23		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	1.03	-3		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.7	30		Vehicle/bicycle	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.68	32		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.72	28		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.79	21		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

	0.77	23		All	All	Urban	Jensen, 2010	This CMF is for intersection … [read more]

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install a stop sign on both minor approaches of an unsignalized intersection

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.4	-40		All	All	Not specified	Haleem et al., 2010

	0.78	22		All	All	All	Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010

*NOTE: You can compare CMFs across countermeasures, subcategories, and categories.

Countermeasure: Install a traffic signal

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.33	67		Angle	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	McGee et al., 2003	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.56 ^[B]	44		All	All	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.23 ^[B]	77		Angle	All	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Countermeasure name changed to match … [read more]

	0.4 ^[B]	60		Left turn	All	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Countermeasure name changed to match … [read more]

	1.58 ^[I]	-58		Rear end	All	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.86	14		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	McGee et al., 2003	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.77	23		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	McGee et al., 2003	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.38	-38		Rear end	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	McGee et al., 2003	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.5	50		Left turn	All	Rural	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.67	33		Angle	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.45	55		Left turn	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.61	39		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.46	54		Angle	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.716	28.4		All	All	All	Srinivasan et al., 2014	The CMF was developed for … [read more]

	0.614	38.6		All	All	All	Srinivasan et al., 2014	The CMF was developed for … [read more]

	0.639	36.1		All	All	All	Srinivasan et al., 2014	The CMF was developed for … [read more]

	0.601	39.9		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Srinivasan et al., 2014	The CMF was developed for … [read more]

	0.642	35.8		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Srinivasan et al., 2014	The CMF was developed for … [read more]

	1.586	-58.6		Rear end	All	All	Srinivasan et al., 2014	The CMF was developed for … [read more]

	1.427	-42.7		Rear end	All	All	Srinivasan et al., 2014	The CMF was developed for … [read more]

	0.46	54		Other	All	All	Srinivasan et al., 2014	The CMF was developed for … [read more]

	0.413	58.7		Other	All	All	Srinivasan et al., 2014	The CMF was developed for … [read more]

	0.42	58		Other	All	All	Srinivasan et al., 2014	The CMF was developed for … [read more]

	0.492	50.8		Other	All	All	Srinivasan et al., 2014	The CMF was developed for … [read more]

	0.415	58.5		Other	All	All	Srinivasan et al., 2014	The CMF was developed for … [read more]

	0.426	57.4		Other	All	All	Srinivasan et al., 2014	The CMF was developed for … [read more]

	0.84	16		All	All	Urban and suburban	Sacchia et al., 2016

	0.782	21.8		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Sacchia et al., 2016

	F(x)			All	O (property damage only)	Rural	Yue et al., 2019	This CMF is for crashes … [read more]

	F(x)			All	O (property damage only)	Rural	Yue et al., 2019	This CMF is for crashes … [read more]

	F(x)			Rear end	All	Rural	Yue et al., 2019	This CMF is for crashes … [read more]

	F(x)			Rear end	All	Rural	Yue et al., 2019	This CMF is for crashes … [read more]

	F(x)			All	O (property damage only)	Rural	Yue et al., 2019	This CMF is for crashes … [read more]

	F(x)			All	O (property damage only)	Rural	Yue et al., 2019	This CMF is for crashes … [read more]

	F(x)			Rear end	All	Rural	Yue et al., 2019	This CMF is for crashes … [read more]

	F(x)			Rear end	All	Rural	Yue et al., 2019	This CMF is for crashes … [read more]

	F(x)			All	O (property damage only)	Rural	Yue et al., 2019	This CMF is for crashes … [read more]

	F(x)			Rear end	All	Rural	Yue et al., 2019	This CMF is for crashes … [read more]

	F(x)			Rear end	All	Rural	Yue et al., 2019	This CMF is for crashes … [read more]

	0.66	34		Angle	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	McGee et al., 2003	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	1.5	-50		Rear end	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	McGee et al., 2003	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.76	24		All	All	Not specified	Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014	CMF applies to intersections with … [read more]

	0.768	23.2		All	All	Not specified	Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014	CMF applies to intersections with … [read more]

	0.684	31.6		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014	CMF applies to intersections with … [read more]

	0.65	35		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	De Pauw et al., 2014	Comparison group 1 (black spots … [read more]

	0.7	30		Angle	All	Rural	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	1.95	-95		Rear end	All	Rural	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	The number of crashes in … [read more]

	0.803	19.7		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Srinivasan et al., 2014	The CMF was developed for … [read more]

	1.198	-19.8		Rear end	All	All	Srinivasan et al., 2014	The CMF was developed for … [read more]

	1.58	-58		Rear end	All		Wang et al., 2015	Rear-end crashes months 1-29 after … [read more]

	1.258	-25.8		Rear end	All		Wang et al., 2015	Rear-end crashes months 1-9 after … [read more]

	1.734	-73.4		Rear end	All		Wang et al., 2015	Rear-end crashes months 10-29 after … [read more]

	1.147	-14.7		Rear end	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)		Wang et al., 2015	Rear-end F&I crashes months 1-29 … [read more]

	0.356	64.4		Angle,Left turn	All		Wang et al., 2015	Angle & left-turn crashes months … [read more]

	0.575	42.5		Angle,Left turn	All		Wang et al., 2015	Angle & left-turn crashes months … [read more]

	0.284	71.6		Angle,Left turn	All		Wang et al., 2015	Angle & left-turn crashes months … [read more]

	0.362	63.8		Angle,Left turn	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)		Wang et al., 2015	Angle & left-turn F&I crashes … [read more]

	0.898	10.2		All	O (property damage only)	Urban and suburban	Sacchia et al., 2016

	F(x)			All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury)	Rural	Yue et al., 2019	This CMF is for crashes … [read more]

	F(x)			All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury)	Rural	Yue et al., 2019	This CMF is for crashes … [read more]

	F(x)			Angle	All	Rural	Yue et al., 2019	This CMF is for crashes … [read more]

	F(x)			Rear end	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury)	Rural	Yue et al., 2019	This CMF is for crashes … [read more]

	F(x)			Rear end	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury)	Rural	Yue et al., 2019	This CMF is for crashes … [read more]

	F(x)			Angle	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury)	Rural	Yue et al., 2019	This CMF is for crashes … [read more]

	F(x)			Angle	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury)	Rural	Yue et al., 2019	This CMF is for crashes … [read more]

	1.12	-12		Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban	Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.51	49		Angle,Head on,Left turn,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Sideswipe	All	Urban	Li Chen, Cynthia Chen, and Reid Ewing, 2012	Countermeasure name has been slightly … [read more]

	0.656	34.4		All	All	Not specified	Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014	CMF applies to intersections with … [read more]

	0.604	39.6		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014	CMF applies to intersections with … [read more]

	0.502	49.8		All	All	Not specified	Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014	CMF applies to intersections with … [read more]

	0.402	59.8		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014	CMF applies to intersections with … [read more]

	1.119	-11.9		All	All	Not specified	Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014	CMF applies to intersections with … [read more]

	1.184	-18.4		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014	CMF applies to intersections with … [read more]

	0.791	20.9		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2014	CMF applies to intersections with … [read more]

	1.36	-36		All	All	Not specified	Schultz et al., 2014	CMF for new signal installation … [read more]

	1.33	-33		Left turn	All	Not specified	Schultz et al., 2014

CRASH MODIFICATION FACTORS CLEARINGHOUSE

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